“…Acoustic sensing is based on the transmission and reception of acoustic pressure waves. Acoustic sensors are used to receive acoustic waves induced by the transmitted ultrasound (e.g., ultrasound transducers) or electromagnetic waves (e.g., in electroacoustic [ 8 , 9 ], magnetoacoustic [ 10 , 11 ], thermoacoustic [ 12 , 13 ], photoacoustic [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], X-ray acoustic [ 34 , 35 ], and proton-acoustic [ 36 , 37 ] modalities) (see Figure 1 ). Acoustic biosensors employ, for instance, the piezoelectric effect to excite acoustic waves electrically to an input transducer and to receive waves at the output transducer.…”