Investigation of the Effects of Pipe Wall Roughness and Pipe Diameter on the Decompression Wave Speed in Natural Gas Pipelines

Lü, Cheng; Michal, Guillaume; Elshahomi, Alhoush; Godbole, Ajit R; Venton, Phillip; Botros, K. K.; Fletcher, Leigh; Rothwell, Brian

doi:10.1115/ipc2012-90345

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These are based entirely on assumptions of one-dimensional homogeneous-equilibrium fluid flow. In these models the effects of friction, heat transfer, and pipe diameter can be considered, which is particularly relevant for smaller diameter and longer pipelines where friction could lead to a range of complex effects on local flow conditions, temperature, and pressure within the pipeline [24,[26][27][28][29]. CFD-based techniques involve discretising the governing partial differential equations of fluid flow.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Technique Have Been Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decompression wave speed in CO2 mixtures: CFD modelling with the GERG-2008 equation of state

et al. 2015

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The development of CO2 pipelines for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) raises new questions regarding the control of ductile fracture propagation and fracture arrest toughness criteria. The decompression behaviour in the fluid must be determined accurately in order to estimate the proper pipe toughness. However, anthropogenic CO2 may contain impurities that can modify the fluid decompression characteristics quite significantly. To determine the decompression wave speed in CO2 mixtures, the thermodynamic properties of these mixtures must be determined by using an accurate equation of state. In this paper we present a new decompression model developed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package ANSYS Fluent. The GERG-2008 Equation of State (EOS) was implemented into this model through User Defined Functions (UDF) to predict the thermodynamic properties of CO2 mixtures. The model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data of two 'shock tube' tests. A range of representative CO2 mixtures was examined in terms of the changes in fluid properties from the initial conditions, with time and distance, immediately after a sudden pipeline opening at one end. Phase changes that may occur within the fluid due to condensation of 'impurities' in the fluid were also investigated. Simulations were also conducted to examine how the initial temperature and impurities would affect the decompression wave speed.

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Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Technique Have Been Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decompression wave speed in CO2 mixtures: CFD modelling with the GERG-2008 equation of state

et al. 2015

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“…Various tools have been presented in the literature for simple calculations of the decompression wave speed, still following DNV guidelines [5], such as SNE 32(4) -12/2022 GASDECOM [6], EPDECOM [7] and DECOM [8], which employ the assumption of unidimensional isentropic, homogeneous equilibrium and inviscid formulation of the decompression wave without explicitly solving the fluid transport equations [9]. On the other end of the scale various 1-D/2-D CFD based tools have also been demonstrated where the mass, momentum, and energy balances are explicitly solved [10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open Source Tool for Calculating CO2 Pipeline Decompression Wave Speed

Andreasen¹,

Sousa²,

Agustsson³

2022

SNE

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This paper describes a simplified calculation method for pipeline decompression wave speed based on a rigorous equation of state for pure CO 2 as well as mixtures with significant impurities. Calculations are performed assuming homogeneous equilibrium for the estimation of the speed of sound in the two-phase region and calculations are performed along an isentropic decompression path. These calculations are important for the design of pipelines and can be used to estimate the required wall thickness and/or material toughness when combined with e.g. the Battelle two curve method, thereby ensuring that a potential running ductile fracture is arrested. The calculations are validated against available literature data and is offered as an open source tool.For pure CO 2 at supercritical conditions the model results match experimental results very well, whereas for the dense liquid phase the pressure plateau in the decompression wave speed curve is over-predicted. For CO 2 with impurities the model calculations generally match experimental data, except for the experiment with a significant fraction of hydrogen and for the experiment with the highest amount of impurities of approx. 6%. In these two cases the pressure plateau is under-predicted.

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“…It was found that the high-pressure liquid CO 2 in the pipeline turned into a superheated liquid quickly and then transformed into a gaseous state, forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow. Cosham et al [16] established a shock tube test device, which has a length of 144 m and an ID of 146.36 mm. To measure the transient pressure and temperature drops of the CO 2 fluid in the pipe, 35 high-frequency pressure transducers and 14 T-type thermocouples were installed on the pipe wall along the axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flow Velocity on Transient Behaviour of Liquid CO2 Decompression during Pipeline Transportation

Xiao

Yan

et al. 2021

Processes

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Investigating the transient behaviour of liquid CO2 decompression is of great importance to ensure the safety of pipeline transportation in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) decompression model based on the non-equilibrium phase transition and Span–Wagner equation of state (EoS) was developed to study the effects of actual flowing state within the pipeline on the transient behaviour of liquid CO2 decompression. Then, the CFD model was verified by comparing the simulated results to test data of a large-scale “shock tube” with an inner diameter of 146.36 mm. The results showed that the evaporation coefficient had a significant impact on the transition behaviour of CO2 decompression, while the condensation coefficient made no difference. When the evaporation coefficient was 15 s−1, the CFD-predicted results were in good agreement with the test results. Moreover, the effects of flow velocity on transient behaviour of liquid CO2 decompression were further investigated. It was found that the flow velocity affected the temperature drop of liquid CO2 during decompression, thereby affecting the phase transition of liquid CO2. In addition, the initial flow velocity also showed a significant influence on the transient behaviour of CO2 outside the pipe.

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Investigation of the Effects of Pipe Wall Roughness and Pipe Diameter on the Decompression Wave Speed in Natural Gas Pipelines

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Decompression wave speed in CO2 mixtures: CFD modelling with the GERG-2008 equation of state

Decompression wave speed in CO2 mixtures: CFD modelling with the GERG-2008 equation of state

An Open Source Tool for Calculating CO2 Pipeline Decompression Wave Speed

Effects of Flow Velocity on Transient Behaviour of Liquid CO2 Decompression during Pipeline Transportation

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