Investigation of the effects of cerium concentration and overpotential on the morphology and purity of uranium dendrites

Killinger, Dimitris; Baggett, Adam; Phongikaroon, Supathorn

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-08006-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The dendritic growth of UO 2 crystal was similar to that of U crystal in molten salt. 39,40 Killinger et al found the tree structure of U products became more prominent as overpotential increases, and the dendrites increased with the increase of over potential. 40 However, in our work the size of UO 2 crystal dendrite decreased with the increase of overpotential, and the surface of UO 2 crystal was smoother at lower overpotential.…”

Section: The Effect Of Reduction Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,40 Killinger et al found the tree structure of U products became more prominent as overpotential increases, and the dendrites increased with the increase of over potential. 40 However, in our work the size of UO 2 crystal dendrite decreased with the increase of overpotential, and the surface of UO 2 crystal was smoother at lower overpotential. This was the opposite of the U crystal dendrite, and may be due to the relative low conductivity of UO 2 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Reduction Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt

Wei

2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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UO2 is an important nuclear fuel, and also has potentials in the field of functional materials. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of UO2 2+ in LiCl-KCl molten salt was studied, and its electrochemical reduction process and reduction potential were confirmed. The electrolytic product of UO2 2+ was UO2 crystal. The reduction potential was found playing a decisive role in the morphology of cathodic products, and when the potential was ≤-0.4 V (vs. Pt(II)/Pt), dendritic and cracked characteristic of the UO2 crystal appeared. The average current density had a positive correlation with the grain size of cathodic products, and it increased first and then decreased with the increase of reduction potential, having a maximum at -0.6 V (vs. Pt(II)/Pt). On the other hand, the uranyl concentration also had a positive correlation with the grain size of the cathodic product without changing the integrity of grain morphology. For the preparation of large and granular UO2 crystal, the reduction potential of -0.2~-0.3 V (vs. Pt(II)/Pt), as well as the uranyl concentration of greater than 2.0 wt% were recommended, and UO2 crystal with average grain size greater than 500 μm and high uniformity could be finally obtained.

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Section: The Effect Of Reduction Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Reduction Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt

Wei

2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…13,14 Killinger et al investigated the morphologies of the uranium electrodeposits by varying the overpotential and the ratio of uranium to cerium in LiCl-KCl eutectic, and observed rhomboidal-platelet type crystals at lower overpotential, tree-like crystals at higher overpotential, and the decreased overall crystal size with increasing overpotential. 15 In addition, the electrodeposition of uranium on liquid cadmium and bismuth cathodes was also investigated. 5,16 Recently, Liu & Shi et al revealed that the electrode material has limited effects on the current efficiency, whilst the deposition rate of uranium and the growth rate of uranium dendrites on inert cathodes of W and Mo are relatively higher than that on active cathodes of steel, Ni, and graphite.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase-Field Modelling and Morphological Classification of Uranium Dendrites for the Electrorefining of Used Nuclear Fuel

Zhao¹,

Yan²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electrorefining is an important unit operation for the pyroprocessing of used nuclear fuel; however, the uncontrolled growth of uranium dendrites on the cathode is hindering its engineering application. In this study, the phase-field modelling is applied to the study of the growth of uranium dendrites using the finite element method, and the fractal dimension and the perimeter-to-area ratio are employed to classify quantitatively the morphologies of uranium dendrites. It is shown that uranium dendrites can form sprout-like, fishbone-like, and tree-like morphologies, and the effects of anisotropic strength, symmetry index, overpotential, and temperature to the morphologies of uranium dendrites are discussed. It is concluded that the diffusion of uranium cations (diffusion rate-controlling) in molten salt and the electrode kinetics (kinetic rate-controlling) are the two rate-controlling steps for the electrodeposition of uranium, and the diffusion rate-controlling mechanism is responsible for the growth of complicated dendritic morphologies.

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Uranium dendrites in molten salt electrorefining

Duff,

Jackson,

Jensen

et al. 2024

Including Actinides Women's Contribution to F-Element Science, Part 1

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Investigation of the effects of cerium concentration and overpotential on the morphology and purity of uranium dendrites

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt

Phase-Field Modelling and Morphological Classification of Uranium Dendrites for the Electrorefining of Used Nuclear Fuel

Uranium dendrites in molten salt electrorefining

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Investigation of the effects of cerium concentration and overpotential on the morphology and purity of uranium dendrites

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO2 Production in UO2Cl2-LiCl-KCl Melt

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO2 Production in UO2Cl2-LiCl-KCl Melt

Phase-Field Modelling and Morphological Classification of Uranium Dendrites for the Electrorefining of Used Nuclear Fuel

Uranium dendrites in molten salt electrorefining

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Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt

Studies on the Electrodeposition of UO₂ Production in UO₂Cl₂-LiCl-KCl Melt