Investigation of the effects of orthodontic brackets coated by silver hydroxyapatite, copper oxide, and titanium oxide nanoparticles on wire-bracket friction

Abstract

Objectives: Coating orthodontic brackets with metal nanoparticles seem to affect surface roughness and friction. We aim to compare the effects of coating brackets with copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver hydroxyapatite (S-HAP) on friction between brackets and various sizes and materials of orthodontic wires. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, we selected four groups of stainless steel (SS) brackets with eight orthodontic wires (SS and nickel-titanium [Niti]) in different sizes. Three groups were coated with CuO, TiO2, and S-HAP nanoparticles using dip coating. Then, we attached a 100 g weight to the wires and hung it from the universal testing machine. The wire passed through the brackets at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 25 s. Finally, the friction between wires and brackets was compared using a two-way analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that friction of brackets coated with TiO2 was significantly lower than S-HAP (P = 0.021) and did not differ significantly between CuO and the control (P = 1). Furthermore, friction between CuO brackets was not significantly different from other groups (P > 0.05). Niti round wires had significantly lower friction with all brackets compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch Niti wire (p< 0.05), which, in turn, showed significantly lower friction compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch stainless steel (SS) wire (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Coating brackets with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles can reduce the friction Moreover, Niti round wires show the least friction compared to rectangular or SS wires with all types of brackets.

Corrosion of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: Causes, Concerns, and Mitigation Strategies

“…Metal oxide-based NPs have been used to improve the performance of biocomponent surfaces, particularly as antimicrobial agents for multiple biomedical applications [469]. According to the literature, the following types of metallic oxide NPs have been considered to cover metallic fixed appliances: ZnO- [367,[437][438][439][440][441][442][443]445] and/or CuO-NPs [437,446,447], AlO-NPs [444], TiO 2 -NPs [446][447][448][449], and Ag-HA-NPs [446,447], as presented in Table 9.…”

“…Coating physical stability was the main downside: Around 60% of the coating showed adhesion failures [448]. Ameli et al [446,447] showed that TiO 2 -NPs and Cu-NPs coatings on SS brackets deposited by a sol-gel method possessed antibacterial properties and could significantly reduce the friction against metallic archwires. Chaturvedi and colleagues [450] dip-coated β-Ti and NiTi archwires with TiO 2 -NPs using different concentrations and dipping durations.…”