Investigation of the effects of thiazole compounds on thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) targeted human brain glioblastoma cancer (U‐87 MG)

Abstract

Cancer is a fatal disease that kills thousands of people worldwide. Despite the information produced by research on cancer treatment, applications in cancer treatment are limited. Therefore, scientists’ efforts to develop more effective treatment approaches continue. In the study, we aimed to determine the anticancer potential of amino thiazole compounds on human glioblastoma (U‐87 MG) and human dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cells and their inhibition effects on enzymes that cause multidrug resistance in cancer cells. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide cell viability test was performed to understand the cytotoxic properties of thiazole derivatives. The cellular death mechanisms behind thiazole application were investigated using flow cytometry analysis. According to cell viability analysis, thiazole derivatives exhibited a greater effect on U‐87 MG than the HDFa cell line in terms of cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry showed higher apoptotic cell death in U‐87 MG cells than in the HDFa cell line. It can be concluded that thiazole compounds exert anticancer effects on U‐87 MG and HDFa as well as show apoptotic properties. Their effects on thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, which are important in the development of chemotherapeutic methods, were also examined. From the results obtained, it was determined that the 2‐amino‐4‐(p‐tolyl)thiazole (T7) compound significantly suppressed both TrxR1 and GST activities, and the 2‐amino‐6‐methylbenzothiazole (T8) compound significantly suppressed both TrxR1 and GST activities. Compound T7 was determined to be a selective inhibitor for TrxR1 and GST targeting, and compound T8 was determined to be a selective inhibitor for TrxR1 and GR targeting glioblastoma treatment.