Investigation of the evolution of an iron carbonate layer and its effect on localized corrosion of X65 carbon steel in CO2 corrosion environments

Lazareva, Anastasija; Owen, Joshua; Vargas, Silvia; Barker, Richard; Neville, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109849

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, in media with the presence of H 2 S, mackinawite layers always form as the first layer on the steel surface, and iron carbonate crystals may precipitate in the external mackinawite scale, as shown in Figure 3 25,27 . The formation of different phases of iron carbonate, i.e., siderite and chukanovite, under the test conditions described in this study is feasible 31 , suggesting that the intermediate metastable phase chukanovite transforms into a more stable phase of iron carbonate, siderite 32 . In addition to the influence of pH change on the crystallization rate of iron carbonate crystals, variations in the mass transport rate induced by the imposed flow are also known to interfere with the development and stability of the formed crystals 33 .…”

Section: Surface Morphologies and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In comparison, the corrosion rate obtained by weight loss was four times higher. This discrepancy between the corrosion rate values obtained by different methodologies is postulated to be related either by the uncertainty of the B value used or because LPR cannot precisely account the change in surface area for the cathodic reaction 9,31,32 . The increase in the corrosion rate due to mass loss indicates consumption of the metallic substrate during the immersion period, releasing Fe 2+ ions.…”

Section: Sweet Environment 321 Corrosion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Serenario,

Santos,

Souza

et al. 2023

Mat. Res.

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Flow is central to the operation of wells and pipelines and can be postulated to govern the formation of protective corrosion product layers, which is critical to overall infrastructure integrity. However, the phenomena involved remain poorly understood. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of flow on the heterogeneous precipitation of FeS and FeCO 3 as corrosion products on mild steel. Initial corrosion studies were conducted in an autoclave stirred by an impeller. The tests were conducted under quiescent and dynamic conditions for 24 h in an aqueous brine (10 wt.% NaCl, 120°C, 5 bar CO 2 , 0 and 10 -3 mol/l Na 2 S 2 O 3 ). The experimental results showed that the increase in rotation speed did not prevent the formation of FeS or FeCO 3 crystals. Having confirmed the presence of corrosion product layers, the differences in the trends in corrosion rates may result from the diffusion barrier presented by these layers.

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Section: Surface Morphologies and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Sweet Environment 321 Corrosion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Serenario,

Santos,

Souza

et al. 2023

Mat. Res.

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“…The evolution of FeCO 3 layers has been widely reported on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous CO 2 environments. ,, Conditions in this study were chosen that replicated experiments in which a high surface coverage of FeCO 3 was achieved on carbon steel at ambient pressure within a 2 day period . These tests were conducted in hydrodynamic conditions (500 rpm) utilizing an RCE setup integrated with a three-electrode electrochemical cell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of Polymer-FeCO₃ Microlayers on Carbon Steel for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Hydrodynamic CO₂ Corrosion Environments

Shaikhah,

Taleb,

Mohamed-Said

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines is a significant challenge and is typically managed by adding corrosion inhibitors. In certain operational conditions, a natural protective layer of iron carbonate (FeCO 3 ) can form on the internal walls of the pipeline, offering inhibition efficiency comparable to that of standard surfactant inhibitors. However, incomplete coverage of the FeCO 3 layer on carbon steel can sometimes trigger localized corrosion. Our previous research demonstrated that poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) can work synergistically with FeCO 3 when the corrosion product partially covers X65 carbon steel surfaces in an aqueous CO 2 corrosion environment. In this study, we utilize rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) tests along with electrochemical measurements to investigate the FeCO 3 −PAH hybrid structure in a dynamic environment. We characterize the general and localized corrosion behavior as well as the surface properties of both naturally formed FeCO 3 and FeCO 3 −PAH hybrid layers using interferometry and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy.

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“…It is well known that the corrosion on carbon steel in an environment where CO 2 and H 2 S coexist is different to that of either pure CO 2 or pure H 2 S environments [9][10][11]. Pure CO 2 corrosion generally not only shows a uniform and local corrosion morphology, but also generates a layer of corrosion products on the surface of carbon steel [12,13]. Pure H 2 S corrosion usually shows local corrosion morphology, forms corrosion products under wetting conditions, and, finally, induces pitting or pits on the surface of carbon steel [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings

Yang³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Recently, corrosion perforation has been frequently seen in surface pipelines in the oil and gas industry, resulting in operational and environmental challenges. Due to the complex characteristics and mechanisms of such corrosion, a new and pragmatic method has been designed to identify and evaluate the corrosion phenomenon via a hanging ring installed in a surface pipeline. In addition to respectively analyzing the ions of water samples with chemical titration, ion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, the micro-surface morphology of the corroded hanging rings was observed and evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the surface composition of the corroded hanging rings was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The water ions of each selected position were found to mainly contain Ca2+, Ba2+, SO42−, and HCO3−, while the barium scale and calcium carbonate scale were formed in situ. In addition to the common corrosion induced by CO2, corrosion induced by both CO2 and H2S leads to extremely serious corrosion and scaling in surface pipelines. In addition, the injection dose of corrosion inhibitor was also evaluated.

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Investigation of the evolution of an iron carbonate layer and its effect on localized corrosion of X65 carbon steel in CO2 corrosion environments

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Augmentation of Polymer-FeCO₃ Microlayers on Carbon Steel for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Hydrodynamic CO₂ Corrosion Environments

Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings

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Investigation of the evolution of an iron carbonate layer and its effect on localized corrosion of X65 carbon steel in CO2 corrosion environments

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Impact of Flow on the Development of Iron Sulfide and Iron Carbonate Layers

Augmentation of Polymer-FeCO3 Microlayers on Carbon Steel for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Hydrodynamic CO2 Corrosion Environments

Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings

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Augmentation of Polymer-FeCO₃ Microlayers on Carbon Steel for Enhanced Corrosion Protection in Hydrodynamic CO₂ Corrosion Environments