“…All indicators were adopted from Bashir (2019). Moreover, the theory in this study refers to the Theory of Planned Behavior or TPB because it has been widely used for behavioral research, including in the consumption of halal products (Bakar, et al, 2018;Mahidin, et al, 2019;Ali, et al, 2018;Fatmi & Kartika, 2020;Perdana et al, 2019;Goni, 2022;Mcgonagle, 2020;Hajar, et al, 2021;Ali, 2021;Aziz & Wahab, 2018;Eid, 2020;Shah & Mohamed, 2011).…”