Investigation of the feasibility of 3D synthetic aperture imaging

Nikolov, Svetoslav Ivanov; Jensen, Jørgen Arendt

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2003.1293287

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, once such limitations are addressed, 3-D SA images can be reconstructed using 2-D probes. 53,54 Current commercial 3-D US scanners are optimized for acceptable imaging frame rates as opposed to depth and resolution, which are of higher interest in calibration with a stationary phantom. Barring these difficulties, 3-D probe calibration may be constructed from the combination of biplane calibrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of line fiducial parameters and beamforming on ultrasound calibration

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Ultrasound (US)-guided interventions are often enhanced via integration with an augmented reality environment, a necessary component of which is US calibration. Calibration requires the segmentation of fiducials, i.e., a phantom, in US images. Fiducial localization error (FLE) can decrease US calibration accuracy, which fundamentally affects the total accuracy of the interventional guidance system. Here, we investigate the effects of US image reconstruction techniques as well as phantom material and geometry on US calibration. It was shown that the FLE was reduced by 29% with synthetic transmit aperture imaging compared with conventional B-mode imaging in a Z-bar calibration, resulting in a 10% reduction of calibration error. In addition, an evaluation of a variety of calibration phantoms with different geometrical and material properties was performed. The phantoms included braided wire, plastic straws, and polyvinyl alcohol cryogel tubes with different diameters. It was shown that these properties have a significant effect on calibration error, which is a variable based on US beamforming techniques. These results would have important implications for calibration procedures and their feasibility in the context of image-guided procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of line fiducial parameters and beamforming on ultrasound calibration

et al. 2017

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“…This method was lately implemented in leading commercial systems. Another promising method, synthetic aperture, was adopted from sonar processing and geological applications [16], [17]. This approach exploits multiplexing to control a fully sampled 2D array with a small number of electronic channels.…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Fourier Domain Beamforming in Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging

Burshtein

Birk

Chernyakova

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Abstract-One of the key steps in ultrasound image formation is digital beamforming of signals sampled by several transducer elements placed upon an array. High-resolution digital beamforming introduces the demand for sampling rates significantly higher than the signals' Nyquist rate, which greatly increases the volume of data that must be transmitted from the system's front end. In 3D ultrasound imaging, 2D transducer arrays rather than 1D arrays are used, and more scan-lines are needed. This implies that the amount of sampled data is vastly increased with respect to 2D imaging. In this work we show that a considerable reduction in data rate can be achieved by applying the ideas of Xampling and frequency domain beamforming, leading to a sub-Nyquist sampling rate, which uses only a portion of the bandwidth of the ultrasound signals to reconstruct the image. We extend previous work on frequency domain beamforming for 2D ultrasound imaging to accommodate the geometry imposed by volumetric scanning and a 2D grid of transducer elements. We demonstrate high image quality from low-rate samples by simulation of a phantom image comprised of several small reflectors. We also apply our technique on raw data of a heart ventricle phantom obtained by a commercial 3D ultrasound system. We show that by performing 3D beamforming in the frequency domain, sub-Nyquist sampling and low processing rate are achievable, while maintaining adequate image quality.

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“…SA imaging gives the opportunity to create high-quality volumetric images at high frame rates, while at the same time estimating the blood flow [21], [22] This is enabled by the fact that the number of emissions is not dependent on the image size, and the same acquisitions can be used both for B-mode images and for color flow maps.…”

Section: Real-time 3d Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time synthetic aperture imaging: opportunities and challenges

Nikolov

Tomov

Jensen

2006

2006 Fortieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

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Abstract-Synthetic aperture (SA) ultrasound imaging has not been introduced in commercial scanners mainly due to the computational cost associated with the hardware implementation of this imaging modality.SA imaging redefines the term beamformed line. Since the acquired information comes from all points in the region of interest it is possible to beamform the signals along a desired path, thus, improving the estimation of blood flow. The transmission of coded excitations makes it possible to achieve higher contrast and larger penetration depth compared to "conventional" scanners.This paper presents the development and implementation of the signal processing stages employed in SA imaging: compression of received data acquired using codes, and beamforming. The goal was to implement the system using commercially available field programmable gate arrays. The compression filter operates on frequency modulated pulses with duration of up to 50 μs sampled at 70 MHz. The beamformer can process data from 256 channels at a pulse repetition frequency of 5000 Hz and produces 192 lines of 1024 complex samples in real time. The lines are described by their origin, direction, length and distance between two samples in 3D. This parametric description makes it possible to quickly change the image geometry during scanning, thus enabling adaptive imaging and precise flow estimation.The paper addresses problems such as large bandwidth and computational load and gives the solutions that have been adopted for the implementation.

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Investigation of the feasibility of 3D synthetic aperture imaging

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of line fiducial parameters and beamforming on ultrasound calibration

Effects of line fiducial parameters and beamforming on ultrasound calibration

Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Fourier Domain Beamforming in Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging

Real-time synthetic aperture imaging: opportunities and challenges

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