Investigation of the First Outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease in the Sudan

Ali, Hayder B.; Obeid, Hasan

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)34140-4

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…So far no evidence of SPPV or GTPV in wild ruminants exists. In contrast, LSDV infects domestic cattle and Asian water buffalo (Ali and Obeid, ; El‐Nahas et al., ), and some strains may also replicate in sheep and goats. For LSDV it is not known where the virus resides during the time of minimal or no vector activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control

Tuppurainen

Venter

Shisler

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

300

364

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SummaryLumpy skin disease, sheeppox and goatpox are high‐impact diseases of domestic ruminants with a devastating effect on cattle, sheep and goat farming industries in endemic regions. In this article, we review the current geographical distribution, economic impact of an outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and immunity of capripoxvirus. The special focus of the article is to scrutinize the use of currently available vaccines to investigate the resource needs and challenges that will have to be overcome to improve disease control and eradication, and progress on the development of safer and more effective vaccines. In addition, field evaluation of the efficacy of the vaccines and the genomic database available for poxviruses are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first LSDV outbreak in Sudan was associated with the presence of Amblyomma ticks on affected animals (Ali and Obeid, ). Recently, Tuppurainen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control

Tuppurainen

Venter

Shisler

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

300

364

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“…During the outbreak of LSD in Sudan in 1971, affected animals were observed to be heavily infested with ticks, mainly of Amblyomma spp. (Ali and Obeid, ). Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decoloratus and A. hebraeum species of ticks have been experimentally implicated in the transmission of the virus, where LSDV DNA was detected from feeding sites for ticks that had earlier fed on infected animals (Tuppurainen et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Transstadial and Mechanical Transmission of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus byAmblyomma hebraeumTicks

Lubinga

Tuppurainen

Mahlare

et al. 2013

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease caused by LSD virus (LSDV), a Capripoxvirus, characterized by fever and circumscribed skin lesions. It is suspected to be transmitted mechanically by biting flies. To assess the vector potential of Amblyomma hebraeum in transmission of LSDV, mechanical/intrastadial and transstadial modes of transmission of the virus by this tick species were investigated. Two cattle were artificially infected as sources (donors) of infection to ticks. Ticks were infected as either nymphs or adults. Male A. hebraeum ticks were partially fed on donor animals and transferred to recipient animals to test for mechanical/intrastadial transmission. Nymphal A. hebraeum were fed to repletion on donor animals. The emergent adult ticks were placed on recipient animals to test for transstadial transmission of the virus. Successful transmission of LSDV infection was determined in recipient animals by monitoring development of clinical signs, testing of blood for the presence of LSDV by real-time PCR, virus isolation and the serum neutralization test. This report provides further evidence of mechanical/intrastadial and, for the first time, transstadial transmission of LSDV by A. hebraeum. These findings implicate A. hebraeum as a possible maintenance host in the epidemiology of the disease.

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“…The characteristics of the disease, and its varied clinical manifestations, have been described previously [2,[4][5][6] but information about the transmission and pathogenesis of the disease is lacking. Epidemiological evidence suggests a strong association between outbreaks of disease and the wet season and the presence of numerous biting arthropods [4,[7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of possible routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (Neethling)

1995

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SUMMARYBritish cattle were infected with the South African (Neethling) strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and their clinical signs monitored over a 3-week period. Different routes of infection were assessed for effect on the clinical characteristics of the disease by using a clinical scoring system. Neither of 2 animals inoculated onto the conjunctival sac showed clinical signs or seroconverted. The intradermal route produced local lesions in 21 of 25 animals, and generalized infection in 4. In contrast the intravenous route produced generalized lesions in 8 of 11 animals. Seven uninfected animals were housed in contact with infected animals for 1 month. None developed clinical signs or produced detectable serum neutralizing antibodies. Six of seven of these animals were then challenged and were fully susceptible to infection. The results suggest that the transmission of LSDV between animals by contagion is extremely inefficient, and that parenteral inoculation of virus is required to establish infection. The high proportion of animals with generalized disease following intravenous inoculation implies that naturally occurring cases of generalized LSD may follow spread by intravenously feeding arthropods.

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Investigation of the First Outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease in the Sudan

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control

Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control

Evidence of Transstadial and Mechanical Transmission of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus byAmblyomma hebraeumTicks

An investigation of possible routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (Neethling)

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