Investigation of the İn Vitro Effect of Vanillic Acid on Wound Healing via FN1 and COL1α1 Genes

Abstract

Objective: Wound healing is characterized by the removal of dead/damaged tissue, the formation of new tissue, and finally, the restoration of the damaged tissue to its original function, starting from the moment of tissue injury. Vanillic acid (VA) is an important component of wheat bran and can heal wounds thanks to its antioxidant potential. This work aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of VA (1-2-4-8-16 and 32 μg/ml) in an in vitro way using a wound healing pattern in fibroblast cells. Methods: The MTT test was performed to determine cell viability 48 hours after VA application to the cells in which the wound model was created (except for the control and wound groups). The cells were examined morphologically with an inverted microscope. ELISA and Real-Time PCR analyses were performed to determine changes in oxidative stress parameters and FN1 and COL1α1 gene expressions. Results: The highest percentage closure rate of fibroblast cells in the in vitro wound pattern analysis and the highest percentage of cell viability by MTT analysis were determined in the VA-32 treated group. Morphological images showed that the evaluated gene expressions increased in fibroblast cells in a VA dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated for the first time that VA promotes cell migration and proliferation by regulating oxidative stress and FN1A and COL1α1 genes. The results of this work are thought to pioneer the use of VA in in vivo wound healing studies.