Investigation of the interphase structure in polyamide 6–matrix, multi-scale composites

Petrény, Roland; Almásy, László; Mészáros, László

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109489

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The crystalline phases of the copper-containing particles were identified by comparing the measured pattern with archives in the XRD reference database. X-ray phase analysis of copper-containing particles was complicated not only by their large number of phases, but also by the high crystallinity of the fibers themselves [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], from which the textile materials used in the studies were made, as well as by the diversity of their origins. Therefore, X-ray diffraction patterns of only copper-containing particles shaken out of the modified textile samples were recorded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reducing Agent on Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Copper-Containing Particles in Textile Materials

et al. 2022

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Textile materials modified with copper-containing particles have antibacterial and antiviral properties that have prospects for use in healthcare. In the study, textile materials were saturated with copper-containing particles in their entire material volume by the absorption/diffusion method. The antibacterial properties of modified textile materials were confirmed by their inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium that spreads predominantly through the respiratory tract. For the modification, ordinary textile materials of various origins and fiber structures were used. Technological conditions and compositions of modifying solutions were established, as well as the most suitable textile materials for modification. To assess the morphological and physical characteristics of copper-containing particles and the textile materials themselves, X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum were used. In modified textile samples, XRD data showed the presence of crystalline phases of copper (Cu) and copper (I) oxide (Cu2O). On the grounds of the SEM/EDS analysis, the saturation of textile materials with copper-containing particles depends on the structure of the textile materials and the origins of the fibers included in their composition, as well as the modification conditions and the copper precursor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reducing Agent on Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Copper-Containing Particles in Textile Materials

et al. 2022

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“…If crystallinity is high, RAF and MAF can also be found inside the spherulites or lamellae. These show that a complex microstructure develops in these composites, which can affect the mechanical properties of the material in several ways 20–22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These show that a complex microstructure develops in these composites, which can affect the mechanical properties of the material in several ways. [20][21][22] In the present study, we aim to thoroughly explore the microstructure of environmentally friendly microand nanoparticles and, based on this, to explain the effects of these reinforcing materials on the tensile properties of the nano-and hybrid composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying the properties of polyamide 6 with high‐performance environmentally friendly nano‐ and microsized reinforcing materials

Mészáros,

Bezerédi,

Petrény

2024

Polymer Composites

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In this study, we investigated the morphological and mechanical properties of hybrid composites with a polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix and reinforced with basalt fibers (BFs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The presence of reinforcing materials fundamentally changed the behavior of the molecules, which was morphologically manifested in the change in the ratio of the rigid and the mobile amorphous phase. The x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic images showed the crystal nucleating effect of the halloysite nanotubes. Based on these, we concluded that around the basalt fibers, an interphase is formed, while around the nanoparticles, a two‐layer interphase is created, the inner layer of which is semicrystalline, while the outer layer is rigid amorphous (RA). The nanoparticles are surrounded by a semicrystalline interphase, which is surrounded by an RA interphase. This overlaps with the interphase of the basalt fibers, therefore the halloysite nanotubes can effectively help the stress transfer from the matrix to the basalt fibers. The mechanical properties of the samples also reflected this: the hybrid composites had a significantly higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and an unchanged elongation at break compared to the composite reinforced with only basalt fiber.Highlights Environmentally friendly polyamide 6 matrix hybrid composites were prepared. Uniform distribution of halloysite nanotubes was achieved. Enhanced mechanical properties were observed for hybrid composites. Halloysite nanotubes aid stress transfer from matrix to basalt fibers. Halloysite nanotubes act as crystalline nucleating agents.

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“…The biaxial stretching process (stretching temperature, stretching ratio, stretching rate) will directly affect the microstructure and macroscopic properties of BOPA6 [10]. At present, the investigation on BOPA6 mainly focuses on polycrystalline phenomena and crystal structure [11,12], and the structural evolution and macro property changes of BOPA6 under different bidirectional tensile conditions are not systematic and in-depth, which limits the performance optimization of BOPA6 films to a certain extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Correlation between Biaxial Stretching Process and Macroscopic Properties of BOPA6 Film

Li,

Liao,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Biaxially oriented polyamide 6 (BOPA6) films were prepared by extrusion casting and biaxial stretching with polyamide 6. The effects of different biaxially oriented on the macroscopic properties of BOPA6 were investigated by characterizing the rheological, crystallization, optical, barrier and mechanical properties. The results show that the increase of stretching temperature leads to the diffusion and regular stacking rate of BOPA6 chain segments towards crystal nuclei increases, the relative crystallinity increases, reaching 27.87% at 180 °C, and the mechanical strength and optical performance decrease. Heat-induced crystallization promotes the transformation of β-crystals to α-crystals in BOPA6, resulting in a more perfect crystalline structure and enhancing oxygen barrier properties. BOPA6 chains are oriented, and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) occurs during the biaxial stretching. Further increasing the stretch ratio, the relative crystallinity increased to 30.34%. The machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) tensile strength of BOPA6 (B-33) are nearly two times higher than the unstretched film, reaching 134.33 MPa and 155.28 MPa, respectively. In addition, the permeation decreases to 57.61 cc·mil/(m2 day), and the oxygen barrier performance has improved by nearly 30% compared to the sample B-22. BOPA6 has a high storage modulus at a high stretching rate (300%/s). Rapid chain relaxation would promote the molecular chain disorientation, destroy the entangled network of the molecular chain, and lead to a decrease in tensile strength, reducing to about 110 MPa.

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Investigation of the interphase structure in polyamide 6–matrix, multi-scale composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Reducing Agent on Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Copper-Containing Particles in Textile Materials

Effect of Reducing Agent on Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Copper-Containing Particles in Textile Materials

Modifying the properties of polyamide 6 with high‐performance environmentally friendly nano‐ and microsized reinforcing materials

Investigation on the Correlation between Biaxial Stretching Process and Macroscopic Properties of BOPA6 Film

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