Investigation of the Kuroshio-coastal current interaction and marine heatwave trends in the coral habitats of Northeastern Taiwan

Leveraging Transfer Learning and U-Nets Method for Improved Gap Filling in Himawari Sea Surface Temperature Data Adjacent to Taiwan

“…[41], resulting in dramatic SST changes throughout the year, with seasonal temperature variations reaching up to 15 • C. The Northern Taiwan site, along the northern coast of Taiwan, experiences daily tidal current shifts, with extensions of the northeastward TSC in summer [46] and westward inflows from the KC branch in winter [41], leading to seasonal temperature differences of 10-12 • C and significant oceanic frontal formations. The Northeastern Taiwan site is located at the boundary between the ECS shelf and the KC, experiencing cold domes due to seabed topography effects in summer [47] and KC branch intrusions into the shelf in winter [48], with seasonal temperature variations of only 5-6 • C. The Penghu Channel site, between the western coast of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, sees SST influenced by the northwestward KC branch in winter, the northward South China Sea monsoon flow in summer, and the southward NTCC in winter [44], with significant wind direction effects, resulting in high temperatures in summer and SSTs between KC and ECS waters in winter. The KC site, located along the main axis of the KC east of Taiwan, sees temperatures of about 20-22 • C in winter and 28-30 • C in summer [41].…”

“…in winter [41], leading to seasonal temperature differences of 10-12 °C and significant oceanic frontal formations. The Northeastern Taiwan site is located at the boundary between the ECS shelf and the KC, experiencing cold domes due to seabed topography effects in summer [47] and KC branch intrusions into the shelf in winter [48], with seasonal temperature variations of only 5-6 °C. The Penghu Channel site, between the western coast of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, sees SST influenced by the northwestward KC branch in winter, the northward South China Sea monsoon flow in summer, and the southward NTCC in winter [44], with significant wind direction effects, resulting in high temperatures in summer and SSTs between KC and ECS waters in winter.…”