Investigation of the mode splitting induced by electro-optic birefringence in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser by polarized electroluminescence

Zhang, Jie; Yu, Jinling; Cheng, Shuying; Lai, Yunfeng; Chen, Yonghai

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/23/2/027304

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…5.78T10 4 2.7T10 4 If it is assumed that the O-ray and E-ray waveforms (E x and E z ) in the case of T = 293 K and h = 10 W/m 2 •K constitute the rated operating condition and those in the case of T = 283 K and h = 9 W/m 2 •K constitute the actual operating condition, then their O-ray and E-ray electric field distributions on the receiving screen are shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birefringence refers to the splitting of a light ray into two rays in different directions and it takes place in an anisotropic crystal. Birefringence is widely applied in optical devices, [1][2][3][4] such as the liquid crystal display (LCD), optical modulator, color filter, wave plate, grating, crystal polarizer, and phase delay device. In actual applications, birefringence may be produced due to the characteristics of the crystal or some external factors such as the electric-optic effect and the elastic-optical effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupled thermal-optic effects and electrical modulation mechanism of birefringence crystal with Gaussian laser incidence

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2015

Chinese Phys. B

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We study the Gaussian laser transmission in lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO 3 ) by using the finite element method to solve the electromagnetic field's frequency domain equation and energy equation. The heat generated is identified by calculating the transmission loss of the electromagnetic wave in the birefringence crystal, and the calculated value of the heat generated is substituted into the energy equation. The electromagnetic wave's energy losses induced by its multiple refractions and reflections along with the resulting physical property changes of the lithium niobate crystal are considered. Influences of ambient temperature and heat transfer coefficient on refraction and walk-off angles of O-ray and E-ray in the cases of different incident powers and crystal thicknesses are analyzed. The E-ray electrical modulation instances, in which the polarized light waveform is adjusted to the rated condition via an applied electrical field in the cases of different ambient temperatures and heat transfer coefficients, are provided to conclude that there is a correlation between ambient temperature and applied electrical field intensity and a correlation between surface heat transfer coefficient and applied electrical field intensity. The applicable electrical modulation ranges without crystal breakdown are proposed. The study shows that the electrical field-adjustable heat transfer coefficient range becomes narrow as the incident power decreases and wide as the crystal thickness increases. In addition, it is pointed out that controlling the ambient temperature is easier than controlling the heat transfer coefficient. The results of the present study can be used as a quantitative theoretical basis for removing the adverse effects induced by thermal deposition due to linear laser absorption in the crystal, such as depolarization or wave front distortion, and indicate the feasibility of adjusting the refractive index in the window area by changing the heat transfer boundary conditions in a wide-spectrum laser.

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Section: Model Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled thermal-optic effects and electrical modulation mechanism of birefringence crystal with Gaussian laser incidence

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2015

Chinese Phys. B

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Polarization-resolved cartography of light emission of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with high space and frequency resolution

Wang

Lippi

2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We couple a double-channel imaging technique, allowing for the simultaneous acquisition of high-quality and high-resolution intensity and peak emission wavelength profiles [T. Wang and G.L. Lippi, Rev. Sci. Instr. 86, 063111 (2015)], to the polarization-resolved analysis of the optical emission of a multimode VCSEL. Detailed information on the local wavelength shifts between the two polarized components and on the wavelength gradients can be easily gathered. A polarizationand position-resolved energy balance can be constructed for each wavelength component, allowing in a simple way for a direct analysis of the collected light. Applications to samples, other than VCSELs, are suggested. PACS numbers: 1 arXiv:1509.03064v3 [physics.optics]

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Accurate measurement of the residual birefringence in VECSEL: Towards understanding of the polarization behavior under spin-polarized pumping

Frougier¹,

Baili²,

Sagnes³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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In this paper we report birefringence measurements of an optically pumped (100)-oriented InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum well (MQWs) Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL) in oscillating conditions. The proposed technique relies on the measurement in the microwave domain of the beatnote between the oscillating mode and the amplified spontaneous emission of the cross-polarized non-lasing field lying in the following longitudinal mode. This technique is shown to offer extremely high sensitivity and accuracy enabling to track the amount of residual birefringence according to the laser operation conditions. The experience fits within the broader framework of polarization selection in spin-injected lasers.

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Investigation of the mode splitting induced by electro-optic birefringence in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser by polarized electroluminescence

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Coupled thermal-optic effects and electrical modulation mechanism of birefringence crystal with Gaussian laser incidence

Coupled thermal-optic effects and electrical modulation mechanism of birefringence crystal with Gaussian laser incidence

Polarization-resolved cartography of light emission of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with high space and frequency resolution

Accurate measurement of the residual birefringence in VECSEL: Towards understanding of the polarization behavior under spin-polarized pumping

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