Investigation of the Oxidation Behaviour of Ti and Al in Inconel 718 Superalloy During Electroslag Remelting

Duan, Shengchao; Shi, Xiao; Mao, Mingtao; Yang, Wensheng; Han, Shihao; Guo, Hongjian

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23556-3

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Also, the high affinity of Ti and V for N lead to the formation of (TiV)N inclusions. The presence of TiO 2 at the high temperatures in the slag (1700-2000 o C) [33] and the addition of Al metal allow the reduction of TiO 2 through an exothermic aluminothermic reduction reaction [34,35] as in equation (4). Subsequently, once the Ti reaches the molten metal pool, TiN, (TiV)N, and TiO 2 are formed thereby explaining the presence of these types of inclusions in the ESR material while they are absent from the IF material.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Nmismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of electroslag remelting on the cleanliness of CrNiMoWMnV ultrahigh-strength steels

Ali

Porter

Kömi

et al. 2019

J min metall B Metall

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The cleanliness of ultrahigh-strength steels (UHSSs) without and with electroslag remelting (ESR) using a slag with the composition of 70% CaF 2 , 15% Al 2 O 3 , and 15% CaO was studied. Three experimental heats of UHSSs with different chemical compositions were designed, melted in an induction furnace, and refined using ESR. Cast ingots were forged at temperatures between 1100 and 950 °C, air cooled, and their non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Thermodynamic calculations for the expected NMIs formed in the investigated steels with and without ESR were performed using FactSage 7.2 software while HSC Chemistry version 9.6.1 was used to calculate the standard Gibbs free energies (G°). As a result of ESR the total impurity levels (TIL% = O% + N% + S%) and NMI contents decreased by as much as 46 % and 62 %, respectively. The NMIs were classified into four major classes: oxides, sulphides, nitrides, and complex multiphase inclusions. ESR brings about large changes in the area percentages, number densities, maximum equivalent circle diameters, and the chemical composition of the various NMIs. Most MnS inclusions were removed although some were re-precipitated on oxide or nitride inclusions leading to multiphase inclusions with an oxide or nitride core surrounded by sulphide, e.g. (MnS.Al 2 O 3) and (MnS. TiN). Also, some sulphides are modified by Ca forming (CaMn)S and CaS.Al 2 O 3. Some nitrides like TiN and (TiV)N are nucleated and precipitated during the solidification phase. Al 2 O 3 inclusions were formed as a result of the addition of Al as a deoxidant to the ESR slag to prevent penetration of oxygen to the molten steel.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Nmismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of electroslag remelting on the cleanliness of CrNiMoWMnV ultrahigh-strength steels

Ali

Porter

Kömi

et al. 2019

J min metall B Metall

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“…While in the equilibrium reaction experiments using the 2#~4# slags, the loss of the equilibrium content of Si and the increasement of the equilibrium content of Al was slight, and the equilibrium B, Si, and Al contents kept steady soon. The redox reactions between the molten slag and steel were in quasi-equilibrium state, thus the proper slag for ESR remelting 9CrMoCoB ingot were the 2#, 3#, and 4# slags [10,19].…”

Section: Results Of Equilibrium Reaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce the loss of main reinforced element B and the accumulation of deleterious element Al, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 should be added into the slag to decrease the degree of slag-metal reactions [19]. To study the effects of B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 addition into the molten slag on the B, Si, and Al contents in the steel, the compositions of the basic slag of CaF 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO should be determined first.…”

Section: Experiments and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of ESR Slag for Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel under Simple Protective Ar Gas

Peng

Geng

2019

Metals

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Thermodynamic calculations by using Factsage 7.3 and simple protective gas electroslag remelting (ESR) experiments were conducted to design the appropriate ESR slag for remelting the qualified 9CrMoCoB ingot. First, the proper basic slag was determined based on the phase diagram of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–x%MgO calculated using Factsage 7.3. Second, equilibrium reactions between 9CrMoCoB and the basic slag containing varied SiO2, and B2O3 contents were calculated to study the effects of B2O3 and SiO2 on B, Si, and Al contents in steel. Then, equilibrium reaction experiments were conducted to validate the calculated results. Finally, the appropriate slags were attained and the simple protective Ar gas ESR experiments were conducted to make a verification. Results showed that the liquid phase region of the slag of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–x%MgO at 1300–1400 °C increased first, then decreased with the MgO addition. With the B2O3 content increasing, the boron content increased, while the Si, Al contents decreased, and at a given B2O3 addition, the B and Al contents decreased with the SiO2 content increasing, whereas the Si content increased. The appropriate slags for simple protective gas ESR remelting 9CrMoCoB were 55%CaF2–20%CaO–3%MgO–22%Al2O3–2%SiO2–1.3%B2O3 and 55%CaF2–20%CaO–3%MgO–22%Al2O3–3%SiO2–1.7%B2O3.

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“…Our data have shown that the application of ZrO 2 in both shapes did not affect chemical composition of implant but add some additional oxygen, which is probably due to the incorporation of ZrO 2 . Chemical interaction of the metal with the abrasive, a strong adherence of particles to the surface layer, and additional surface oxidation are observed in the surface layers that are activated in such a way [23,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Structural Characterization of Sandlasted Surface of Dental Implant using ZrO2 Particle with Different Shape

et al. 2019

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The clinical success of dental implantation is associated with the phenomenon of osteointegration. Geometry and topography of the implant surface are critical for the short- and long-term success of an implantation. Modification of the surface of endosseous part of the implant with sandblasting was of special interest for our study. Taking into account the advantages of currently used ceramic abrasives: aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, these materials are able to break down during collision with the treated surface, the possibility of incorporation of their residues into the implant surface, as well as the difficulty of removing these residues. This paper aimed to determine the preferred composition and the shape of the abrasive, as well as the treatment regime for ZrO2 sandblasting modification of the surface of the endosseous part of the dental implant. Tetragonal and cubic solid solutions are based on ZrO2, as an abrasive that is applied for zirconium-niobium alloy sandblasting under different pressures. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, the physical and chemical state of the surface of implants as well as contact angle measurement and cell viability were used to assess surface after sandblasting. The results demonstrate the potential of using granular powders that are based on zirconium dioxide as an abrasive to create a rough surface on endosseous part of dental implants made from zirconium-based alloys. It does not lead to a significant change in the chemical composition of the surface layer of the alloy and it does not require subsequent etching in order to remove the abrasive particles. Based on structural and chemical characterization, as well as on cell viability and contact angle measurement, sandblasting by tetragonal ZrO2 powder in 4 atm. and an exposure time of 5 s provided the best surface for dental implant application.

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Investigation of the Oxidation Behaviour of Ti and Al in Inconel 718 Superalloy During Electroslag Remelting

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of electroslag remelting on the cleanliness of CrNiMoWMnV ultrahigh-strength steels

The effect of electroslag remelting on the cleanliness of CrNiMoWMnV ultrahigh-strength steels

Design of ESR Slag for Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel under Simple Protective Ar Gas

Chemical and Structural Characterization of Sandlasted Surface of Dental Implant using ZrO2 Particle with Different Shape

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