Investigation of the parallel gradation method based on the response of track-bed materials under cyclic loadings

Abstract

Ballast/fines mixture is often found in railway substructure and the overall behaviour of tracks is strongly dependent on the mechanical behaviour of this mixture. Since directly testing such mixture with large grains is limited with common laboratory equipment, the consideration of a model material at smaller size is advisable. Parallel gradation method is widely used for this purpose. This study assesses the validity of this method in the case of ballast/fines mixture. Large-scale cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on the ballast/fines mixture at six volumetric coarse grain contents. The results obtained were analysed, together with those obtained previously from small-scale triaxial tests on a microballast/fines mixture whose microballast grain size distribution was determined by applying the parallel gradation method. The cyclic parameters (permanent strain and resilient modulus) were obtained for the two types of mixture. Results show that for all mixtures two distinct soil fabrics can be identified according to the variations of permanent strain and resilient modulus with the volumetric content of coarse grains fv: a fine-fine contact structure for fv ≤ 20% and a grain-grain contact structure for fv ≥ 35%. In the case of fine-fine contact structure, the permanent strains and resilient modulus values of the ballast specimens are consistent with those of the microballast specimens, evidencing the validity of the parallel gradation method. In the case of grain-grain contact structure, the permanent strains and resilient modulus values are found to coincide globally at the two scales, also justifying the validity of the parallel gradation method, the slight differences between the two scales being attributed to the irregular grain sliding and the 3 distribution of the fines soils.

Residual deformation of coal gangue subgrade filler under multi-vibration cyclic loading

“…12 and 13 that the increase in the content of graded coarse particles will make the cumulative deformation of the specimen smaller. This is consistent with the conclusion of Qi et al 46 . When the coarse particle content reaches a certain value, the impact on the axial residual strain is small.…”

Effect of water content on permanent deformation of fine/coarse soil mixtures with varying coarse grain contents and subjected to multi-stage cyclic loading

“…Qi et al [14] and Su et al [15][16][17] , which was verified later by Qi et al [18] , micro-ballast was adopted to replace the real ballast in Fig. 1.…”

Combined Influences of Water Content and Coarse Grain Content on Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soil Mixture

“…For the fine soil fraction, the GSD curve for the reconstituted fine soil was consistent with that of the in situ fine soil (Figure 1). For the coarse grain fraction, according to the findings of Qi et al [5], micro-ballast can be adopted as a substitute for the ballast when studying the mechanical behaviors of interlayer soil. Figure 5 shows that with increasing f v , the τ decreased under the unsaturated condition (w = 4%, S r = 32%) but increased under the saturated condition (w = 12%, S r = 100%).…”

“…Numerous studies have examined the influence of water content on τ of the soil mixture (Duong et al [3]; Qi et al [4,5]; Wan et al [6]; Bian et al [7]). In the saturated state, the pore water pressure was accumulated under the influence of train moving loads, resulting in a decline in τ.…”