Investigation of the Performance and Solvent-Resistant Properties of NH₂-Modified MWCNTs/PES-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Biodiesel Separation

Abstract

The amount of free glycerol in the final product of biodiesel is limited by international standards. In the current study, optimized solvent-resistant nanocomposite membranes were prepared using the phase inversion method based on a poly­(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane modified by adding different concentrations of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2). The FTIR results confirmed the occurrence of modification on neat MWCNTs. The characteristics and properties of the mixed matrix membranes were analyzed by using SEM and AFM as well as contact angle measurements and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), and pore size properties were also studied. Contact angle results indicated that the surface hydrophilicity was improved by increasing MWCNTs content. Unmodified PES and PES/MWCNTs-NH2 mixed matrix membranes were evaluated in terms of the flux behavior of pure water and other polar and nonpolar solvents, surface roughness, swelling, and antifouling performances as well as their ability to remove free glycerol from biodiesel-rich phase. The % FRR of the modified membranes increased from 22.36% for M0 to 59.49% for M2, while increasing the MWCNTs-NH2 amount from 0.00 to 0.05 wt % led to a decrease of R ir from 77.63% to 40.50%. Furthermore, the 0.05% w/w MWCNTs-NH2 modified membrane showed promising capability in removing about 99.5% of free glycerol with superior reusability, while no significant change happened in biodiesel rejection.

The implications of 3D‐printed membranes for water and wastewater treatment and resource recovery

“…The studied 3Dprinted membranes perform exemplarily in water and wastewater treatment and possess remarkable advantages compared to conventional membranes. [4][5][6][7] 3D printing technology allows the fabrication of membranes with complicated designs in a single-step process. The ability to precisely control the membrane structure and pore geometry leads to uniformity, improved filtration, and cost reduction.…”