Investigation of the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnO-Covered PC61BM Electron Transport Layer

Abstract

Due to its high carrier mobility and electron transmission, the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) is usually used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cell (PSC) configurations. However, PC61BM films suffer from poor coverage on perovskite active layers because of their low solubility and weak adhesive ability. In this work, to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, 30 nm thick PC61BM ETLs with different concentrations were modeled. Using a 30 nm thick PC61BM ETL with a concentration of 50 mg/mL, the obtained performance values of the PSCs were as follows: an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.87 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.44 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 70.52%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.54%. However, undesired fine cracks present on the PC61BM surface degraded the performance of the resulting PSCs. To further improve performance, multiple different thicknesses of ZnO interface layers were deposited on the PC61BM ETLs to release the fine cracks using a thermal evaporator. In addition to the pavement of fine cracks, the ZnO interface layer could also function as a hole-blocking layer due to its larger highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. Consequently, the PCE was improved to 14.62% by inserting a 20 nm thick ZnO interface layer in the PSCs.

Improved Thermal and Electrical Properties of P-I-N-Structured Perovskite Solar Cells Using ZnO-Added PCBM as Electron Transport Layer

“…A decrease in PL intensity and lifetime indicates an increase in electron extraction and charge dissociation. Similar behaviors are also shown in previous literature [ 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, the energy level and electron extraction ability can be expected to improve just by adding a small amount of ZnO in PCBM.…”

Investigation of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Guanidinium Doped MAPbI3 Active Layer

“…Remarkably, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has increased from 3.8% to 26% in a short period [ 14 ]. This rapid development has attracted wide attention and involvement in the field [ 15 , 16 ]. However, because the performance and stability of the perovskite are easily deteriorated due to the penetration of water and oxygen molecules, it poses challenges for commercialization [ 17 ].…”