Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide onAllium ceparoot tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay

Abstract

In the present study the potential toxic effect of prometryne herbicide was examined by investigating mitotic index, mitotic phase, chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus frequency, 2C DNA content, and comet assay on the root tip cells of Allium cepa. The roots were exposed to 2, 3, 4 and 6 g l −1 concentrations within 12, 24 and 36 h. Mitotic index was markedly reduced by prometryne in each treatment group compared with the controls. The frequencies of mitotic phases have been changed. Prometryne significantly increased the anomaly cell percentage at all concentrations and application periods in comparison to their control. Mitotic abnormalities were recorded as disturbed prophase, c-mitosis, stickiness, laggards and chromatid bridges. The micronucleus was observed at interphase and its frequency was calculated in the test solutions used. Prometryne decreased the 2C DNA amount in onion root tips. Furthermore, the comet assay was applied to analyze the single stand breakages. Nearly all of the applied concentrations of prometryne enhanced DNA damage. In many cases negative correlation was found between 2C DNA amount and DNA damage; however, positive correlation was found between micronucleus formation and DNA damage.

Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Clopyralid Herbicide on Allium Cepa Roots

“…However, at higher concentrations, it decreased cell division and growth leading to plant death by inducing by inducing ethylene biosynthesis through the synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA, Cremlyn 1991 Liman et al, 2021). In addition, the single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay using Allium roots is a sensitive tool for assessing dose dependent genotoxicity of by herbicides due to its versatility, sensitivity, low cost, ease of implementation, and the short time (a few days) required to complete an investigation (Karaismailoglu, 2015 This study was planned to investigate dose dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clopyralid on bioindicator test plant roots (A. cepa) at macroscopic (root growth) and microscopic levels (DNA damage, MI, and CAs such as stickiness, anaphase bridges, chromosome laggards etc.) using root growth inhibition, comet and Allium ana-telophase assays.…”

Functions of Exogenously Proline against Negative Effects of Salt Stress in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

“…Additionally, the most important advantage of A. cepa bioassay is supported by the very similar of the mutagenic activity of numerous compounds on mammalian cells and Allium test cells. This test is now frequently used for laboratory studies [8]. The present study was designed to examine the influences of proline in the reducing of detrimental effects of salt stress on the seed germination, seedling growth, mitotic activity, micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations of Allium cepa L.…”

Assessments on the potential genotoxic effects of fipronil insecticide onAllium cepasomatic cells

“…Pesticides are used in agricultural areas to avoid losses resulting from pests (Karaismailoglu et al 2013;Karaismailoglu 2015). Pesticides and products contaminated with them permanently damage living systems with the risk of mutagenicity and teratogenicity (Bag 2000;Gupta 2004;Liman et al 2011;Karaismailoglu 2015;Kuchy et al 2015).…”

“…Pesticides are used in agricultural areas to avoid losses resulting from pests (Karaismailoglu et al 2013;Karaismailoglu 2015). Pesticides and products contaminated with them permanently damage living systems with the risk of mutagenicity and teratogenicity (Bag 2000;Gupta 2004;Liman et al 2011;Karaismailoglu 2015;Kuchy et al 2015). The genotoxic potential of the different pesticides and environmental pollutants have been widely assessed with various plant and animal bioassays (Grant et al 1960;Sta et al 2012;Karaismailoglu 2014a;Kuchy et al 2015).…”

“…by investigating mitotic index and phase, chromosomal abnormalities, and micronucleus percentage in the somatic cells. The most widely used plants are Allium cepa (Turkoglu 2009;Karaismailoglu 2015;Verma et al 2016;de Souza et al 2017), Tradescantia pallida (de Souza et al 2017), Vicia faba (Khadra et al 2012;Yildirim & Agar 2016) and Helianthus annuus (Karaismailoglu et al 2013). In particular, A. cepa is one of the most widely used plant materials in genotoxicity experiments, because this plant is very susceptible and dependable in comparison with the other plant systems (Grant 1994;Karaismailoglu 2015).…”