Investigation of the properties of the flux and interaction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays by the method of local-muon-density spectra

Bogdanov, A. G.; Gromushkin, D. M.; Кокоулин, Р. П.; Mannocchi, G.; Петрухин, А. А.; Saavedra, O.; Trinchero, G.; Чернов, Д. В.; Шутенко, В. В.; Yashin, I. I.

doi:10.1134/s1063778810110074

Cited by 105 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This contribution decreases nearly exponentially with the slant depth of the atmosphere [11], and at large zenith angles practically only muons and secondary relative to them particles remain in the bundle events. Arrows in the lower part of the figure indicate typical energies (calculated mean-logarithmic values [4]) of primary particles contributing to muon bundle formation at different zenith angles. As seen from the figure, the experimental data clearly demonstrate the increase of the specific energy deposit with zenith angle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At that time, it was interpreted as an indication for a heavy mass composition at very high primary particle energies. However, the analysis of the DECOR data [3,4] on inclined muon bundles with a high multiplicity at large zenith angles showed that the measured event intensity cannot be explained in the frame of the existing hadron interaction models even under the assumption of an extremely heavy (pure iron nuclei) mass composition at primary energies around 10 18 eV. Later, studies of the muon content in inclined extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy range 10 19 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory [5,6] confirmed the excessive amount of muons: considerably more muons in simulations were needed to match the data and simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

et al. 2017

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Abstract.To solve the problem of the excess of multi-muon events observed in several cosmic ray experiments at ultra-high energies (so-called "muon puzzle"), an analysis of the energy characteristics of the muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) is required. A possible approach to such investigations is the measurement of the energy deposit of muon bundles in the detector, which provides information on the mean muon energy. In the experiment now being conducted at the NEVOD-DECOR complex, the local muon density and EAS arrival direction are determined according to the data of the coordinate-tracking detector DECOR, whereas the energy deposit is measured by means of the Cherenkov water calorimeter NEVOD. Results of the measurements of the energy deposit of inclined muon bundles based on the data accumulated during more than 23,200 h observations in 2012 -2016 are presented and compared with simulations performed by means of the CORSIKA code.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

et al. 2017

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“…The detailed description of LMDS method is given in paper [1]. Here the main advantages of this method in comparison with N measurements are discussed.…”

Section: Methods Of Local Muon Density Spectra (Lmds) In Inclined Eas mentioning

confidence: 99%

New technique and results of cosmic ray investigations in the energy interval 10¹⁵–10¹⁹eV

Петрухин

Bogdanov

Чернов

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. New technique of EAS investigations based on the measurements of local muon density spectra (LMDS) is developed. Application of this method to investigations of inclined EAS allows exploration of CR energy interval from 10 15 to 10 19 eV by means of a relatively small detector with area ∼100 m 2 due to very strong dependence of EAS muon density on zenith angle. During 2002-2007, long-term NEVOD-DECOR experiment (about 20,000 h live time) was conducted, and more than two million muon bundles in zenith angle interval 30-88 degrees were registered. Comparison of experimental data with results of CORSIKA-based simulations showed that the new method is sensitive to all main peculiarities of CR energy spectrum: the knee, increase of the energy spectrum slope with energy, the second knee. But the observed progressive excess of muon bundles with the increase of primary CR energy in comparison with simulations (even for pure iron composition) can indicate the appearance of new processes of muon generation. In this case, for correct investigations of EAS, the experimental arrays must be supplemented by detectors which can measure or evaluate the energy of muons.

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“…But measurements of muons testify in favor of a heavy composition, and in some experiments (e.g. [5]) give some excess of muons even compared with pure iron composition of cosmic rays (Figure 3). This result was confirmed in Auger experiment [6] (Figure 4).…”

Section: Pcr Energies Above 10 17 Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon problem in UHECR investigations

Петрухин

Bogdanov

Кокоулин

2013

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. In many UHECR experiments, some excess of muons is observed, which cannot be explained in frame of the existing theoretical models of hadron interaction. Attempts of its explanation through a heavy mass composition of PCR contradict the results of X max measurements. Really, the excess of muons appears already at lower energies (10 16 -10 17 eV), but in this domain it may be explained by the trend to a heavier mass composition, which is in a qualitative agreement with the galactic model of CR origin. The absence of heavy nuclei at energies of the order of 10 18 eV requires to consider other possibilities of the appearance of muon excess, including changes of hadron interaction model. The actuality of the considered problem is connected with plans of future experiments in UHECR physics, in which the necessity of its solution must be taken into account.

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Investigation of the properties of the flux and interaction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays by the method of local-muon-density spectra

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

New technique and results of cosmic ray investigations in the energy interval 10¹⁵–10¹⁹eV

Muon problem in UHECR investigations

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Investigation of the properties of the flux and interaction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays by the method of local-muon-density spectra

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

Measurements of the energy deposit of multi-muon events in the Cherenkov water calorimeter

New technique and results of cosmic ray investigations in the energy interval 1015–1019eV

Muon problem in UHECR investigations

Contact Info

Product

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New technique and results of cosmic ray investigations in the energy interval 10¹⁵–10¹⁹eV