Investigation of the salt tolerance of new Polish bread and durum wheat cultivars

Abstract

In some regions of the world, low annual precipitation necessitates irrigation of crop plants which usually leads to soil salinity. Due to climatic changes this effect is also expected in the countries of Central Europe, and so in Poland. The aim of the study was (1) to compare tolerance to salt stress of Polish Triticum aestivum cvs. 'Bogatka' and 'Banderola' with T. durum cv. 'Komnata' and breeding line 121, and (2) to indicate the physiological parameter/parameters most suitable for such comparison. The investigation was performed in two experiments. In the first one, the germination ability of caryopses and coleoptiles' growth were estimated at 0-250 mM of NaCl. The second experiment was conducted on plants grown in a glasshouse in saline soil at 0-150 mM of NaCl for 6 weeks. Salt tolerance was evaluated on the basis of following parameters: chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis rate (P N ), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g s ), cell membrane permeability (EL), proline content, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC). Highest germination of caryopses of durum cultivars was recorded at all the salinity levels; however, their coleoptiles were shorter than coleoptiles of bread wheat cultivars. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that applied salt doses did not disturb the light phase of photosynthesis in all cultivars under study. Plants of durum wheat showed the higher dissipation of energy excess at the level of the antenna chlorophyll (DIo/CSm) under salinity as compared to plants of bread wheat. Both 'Komnata' and line 121 showed stronger P N reduction as an effect of salinity. A decline of P N was closely connected with a decrease in g s . The P N correlated with a decrease in DW in all studied cultivars except 'Bogatka'. Control plants of 'Komnata' and line 121 were characterized by higher EL and proline level than bread wheat cultivars. An increasing cell membrane permeability correlated with a decrease of RWC in 'Banderola' and 'Komnata'. The content of proline under the increasing salinity correlated with changes of RWC in 'Banderola', 'Komnata' and line 121, which indicate protectoral role of proline against dehydration of tissue. Dry weight and RWC seem to be the parameters most useful in the salt-tolerance estimation of wheat plants. Taking into account the studied parameters 'Banderola' could be recognized as more salt tolerant, the degree of salinity tolerance of 'Bogatka' is the same as line 121, while 'Komnata' seems to be the most salt sensitive. The salt tolerance of T. aestivum and T. durum depends on the cultivar rather than the wheat species.

Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of common bean bHLH transcription factors in response to excess salt concentration

“…Due to their sessile nature, plants are exposed to any of abiotic stresses use different physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms including reprogrammed transcriptome pattern to cope with the detrimental effects of those conditions (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki 2006). Molecular and physiological responses against diverse stress factors are controlled by the genetic regulation at transcriptional level, which are mainly regulated by transcription factors (TF) (Płażek et al 2013;Dou et al 2014;Thamilarasan et al 2014). TF is defined as a group of proteins involved in regulation of specific gene expression either positively or negatively by binding to promoter or enhancer region of DNA (Latchman 1997).…”

Identification of Phenotypic and Physiological Markers of Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) through Integrated Analyses

“…Previous studies have been conducted to identify durum wheat genotypes that are more tolerant to a salt stress. Shoot length, root length, dry weight and shoot fresh weight, grain yield and expression of genes encoding GS traits were found to be good markers of the response to a salt stress in durum wheat [18,[59][60][61][62]. A number of the genotypes used in our study have already been examined in field or controlled conditions in order to test their physiological and morphological responses in the presence of excess NaCl [37,[63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Breeding for salt tolerance in wheat: The contribution of carbon isotopic signatures

“…In a screening of 5 000 spring wheat accessions in solution culture salinized with sea salt, Kingsbury and Epstein (1984) identified tolerant genotypes using a progressive selection of genotypes that show high biomass production under several levels of water salinity. In some cases, the assessment relied on the ratio of biomass between the salinity treatment and the control in several studies (Ma et al 2007;Chaabane et al 2011;Płażek et al 2013). It is worth noting that contradictory conclusions resulted from assays that differed in length.…”

“…The relative water content (RWC) gives an estimate of the plant's water status with respect to the full saturation conditions (Tanentzap et al 2015). This parameter was found to be negatively affected by salt stress conditions (Azizpour et al 2010;Annunziata et al 2017;Borrelli et al 2018) and was reported to be, with the dry weight, the best index of plant sensitivity to salinity (Płażek et al 2013).…”