Investigation of the spatial variability of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance trophic magnification in selected riverine ecosystems

Simmonet-Laprade, Caroline; Budzinski, Hélène; Babut, Marc; Ménach, Karyn Le; Munoz, Gabriel; Lauzent, Mathilde; Ferrari, B.; Labadie, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.461

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For PFOS and mercury, the data were more variable as suitable TMFs for stream ecosystems were also available [14,33,41,58]. In the case of PFOS, TMFs related to wet weight concentrations, and whole fish TMFs were available.…”

Section: Tmfs Based On Different Ecosystem Types or Reference Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, only for these two substances, it was possible to study whether fundamental differences are to be expected when using TMFs for lake ecosystems instead of river TMFs for data normalization. For PFOS, TMFs for benthopelagic river food webs in southeastern France and near Paris [33,58] range between 1.5 and 4.1, while TMFs for lakes (i.e., Lake Ontario) are in the range of 4.2-5.9 for pelagic food webs and around 3.9 when benthic organism is included [39,40] (Table 2).…”

Section: Tmfs Based On Different Ecosystem Types or Reference Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Havel (H). TMF 2.60: geometric mean for stream ecosystems [33,58]; TMF 3.13: geometric mean of stream and lake ecosystems [33,39,40,58]; TMF 4.98: geometric mean of lake ecosystems TMFs [39,40]; samples in Moselle and Havel are arranged according to increasing TL; red line: EQS (9.1 µg kg −1 ww)…”

Section: Tl 4 Normalization Based On Trophic Level-corrected Bmf (Bmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

et al. 2020

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Background The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the monitoring of biota—preferably fish—to check the compliance of tissue concentrations of priority substances (PS) against substance-specific environmental quality standards (EQSs). In monitoring programs, different fish species are covered, which often are secondary consumers with a trophic level (TL) of about 3. For harmonization, a normalization of monitoring data to a common trophic level is proposed, i.e., TL 4 (predatory fish) in freshwaters, so that data would be sufficiently protective. For normalization, the biomagnification properties of the chemicals can be considered by applying substance-specific trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Alternatively, TL-corrected biomagnification factors (BMFTLs) may be applied. Since it is impractical to derive site-specific TMFs or BMFTLs, often data from literature will be used for normalization. However, available literature values for TMFs and BMFTLs are quite varying. In the present study, the use of literature-derived TMFs and BMFTLs in data normalization is studied more closely. Results An extensive literature evaluation was conducted to identify appropriate TMFs for the WFD PS polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), hexachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), hexabromocyclododecane, and mercury. The TMFs eventually derived were applied to PS monitoring data sets of fish from different trophic levels (chub, bream, roach, and perch) from two German rivers. For comparison, PFOS and PBDE data were also normalized using literature-retrieved BMFTLs. Conclusions The evaluation illustrates that published TMFs and BMFTLs for WFD PS are quite variable and the selection of appropriate values for TL 4 normalization can be challenging. The normalized concentrations partly included large uncertainties when considering the range of selected TMFs, but indicated whether an EQS exceedance at TL 4 can be expected. Normalization of the fish monitoring data revealed that levels of substances accumulating in the food web (TMF or BMF > 1) can be underestimated when relying on fish with TL < 4 for EQS compliance assessment. The evaluation also revealed that TMF specifically derived for freshwater ecosystems in Europe would be advantageous. Field-derived BMFTLs seemed to be no appropriate alternative to TMFs, because they can vary even stronger than TMFs.

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Section: Tmfs Based On Different Ecosystem Types or Reference Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tmfs Based On Different Ecosystem Types or Reference Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tl 4 Normalization Based On Trophic Level-corrected Bmf (Bmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

et al. 2020

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“…PFOS made up for 2-19% of the sample composition in the Rhône River. Interestingly, Miège et al (2012) did not detect any PFHxA in their fish samples from the Rhône River (PFOS was most abundant in their samples), indicating that the relative abundances of PFAS in biota and water samples can be very different, possibly due to the different bioaccumulation potential of individual PFAS, in relation to their different perfluoroalkyl chain length (Simmonet-Laprade et al, 2019). In contrast, in Marseille Bay PFOS was generally dominating the PFAS composition with 16-54% (WWTP-Cortiou), 45-100% (L'Estaque harbor) and 52-100% (Frioul island).…”

Section: Relative Abundances Of Individual Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Bay of Marseille (NW Mediterranean Sea) and the Rhône River

Schmidt

Fauvelle

Castro-Jiménez

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analyzed in 62 duplicate surface water samples from the Rhône River and Marseille Bay (France; NW Mediterranean Sea). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in all samples and exceeded the European Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) values in over 80% of the cases. The most contaminated samples were from the Rhône River (up to 200 ng L-1 ∑ 4 PFAS), as well as those collected near a wastewater treatment plant outlet in Marseille Bay (up to 9 ng L −1 ∑ 4 PFAS). While PFOS was the predominant PFAS in Marseille Bay, remarkably high concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were measured in the Rhône River (8-193 ng L −1). The relative abundances of individual compounds differed thus significantly between the Rhône River and Marseille Bay, indicating different sources. A simulation made with the MARS3D model showed that PFOS inputs from the Rhône River can enter Marseille Bay at levels > EQS.

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“…TMFs are obtained by regression between the chemical concentrations in organisms of a food web and their respective TLs [5]; in principle, all concentrations refer to whole-body. The TMFs used for the tests were taken from previous studies on French riverine sites [20,21]; while they came from field studies in a context relevant to the purpose of the present study, they were comparable to the TMFs retrieved from a literature review and screened according to Kidd et al [17]. The TMFs determined in French rivers are compiled in Additional file 1: Table S4, and TMFs from the literature survey are compiled in Additional file 1: Figure S1 and Table S5.…”

Section: Tmf Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring priority substances in biota under the Water Framework Directive: how effective is a tiered approach based on caged invertebrates? A proof-of-concept study targeting PFOS in French rivers

et al. 2020

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Background This study aims to describe and test a tiered approach for assessing compliance to Environmental Quality standards (EQSs) for priority substances in biota in line with the European Water Framework Directive. This approach is based on caged gammarids and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) at the first tier, with fish analyzed at the second tier at sites predicted to exceed the EQS at the first tier. A dataset was implemented by monitoring perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in caged gammarids exposed at 15 sites in French rivers, and in fish muscle and rest-of-body from the same sites. Isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ15 N) were also measured in gammarids and fish. Two scenarios were developed to compare measured PFOS concentrations in fish against predicted concentrations based on measures in caged gammarids and TMFs. Scenario (1) compared measured PFOS concentrations in fish fillets with predicted PFOS concentrations based on measured concentrations in caged gammarids and δ15 N. Scenario (2) tested whether or not EQS exceedance was correctly predicted based on measured concentrations in caged gammarids and trophic levels (TLs) from wild fish and gammarid populations. Results δ13C and δ15 N variations showed that caged gammarids used local food resources during exposure in the field. PFOS concentrations in gammarids were fairly variable through time at each site. In fish, concentrations ranged from < 1 to 250 ng g−1 (wet weight). After adjustment to the TL at which the EQS is set, 12 sites were above the EQS for PFOS. In scenario (1), predicted concentrations were almost correct at 7 sites out of 15. Most incorrect predictions were overestimations that were slightly improved by applying a lower (neutral) TMF. In scenario (2) we tested several variants for parameters involved in the predictions. The most efficient combination yielded two wrong predictions out of 15. This result was obtained with a higher (more conservative) TMF value, mean concentrations in gammarids from several field exposures during a year, and a TL for gammarids at the median of the distribution in French rivers. Conclusion The proposed tiered approach was thus efficient. However, the number of sites was relatively limited, and the dataset was biased towards EQS exceedance. The tiered approach warrants further validation.

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Investigation of the spatial variability of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance trophic magnification in selected riverine ecosystems

Cited by 50 publications

References 58 publications

Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Bay of Marseille (NW Mediterranean Sea) and the Rhône River

Monitoring priority substances in biota under the Water Framework Directive: how effective is a tiered approach based on caged invertebrates? A proof-of-concept study targeting PFOS in French rivers

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