“…Static and dynamic pressure thrust bearings offer numerous advantages, including robust axial loading capacity, high operational accuracy, exceptional vibration absorption performance and easy maintenance (Yu et al, 2017;Li et al, 2023a). Consequently, they are extensively used in various fields, including the automotive industry, precision machine tools and ocean engineering (Li et al, 2023b;Lu and Tian, 2023;Ueda et al, 2014). However, the operation of thrust bearings at high speeds and heavy loads can face some challenges.…”