Investigation of the Surface Coating, Humidity Degradation, and Recovery of Perovskite Film Phase for Solar-Cell Applications

Abstract

Presently, we inquire about the organic/inorganic cation effect on different properties based on structure, morphology, and steadiness in preparing a one-step solution of APbI3 thin films, where A = MA, FA, Cs, using spin coating. This study was conducted to understand those properties well by incorporating device modeling using SCAPS-1D software and to upgrade their chemical composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the crystal structures. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted to characterize the surface morphology; photoluminescence, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and a UV–Visible spectrometer helped us to study the optical properties. The (110) plane is where we found the perovskite’s crystalline structure. According to the XRD results and by changing the type of cation, we influence stabilization and the growth of the APbI3 absorber layer. Hither, a homogenous, smooth-surfaced, pinhole-free perovskite film and large grain size are results from the cesium cation. For the different cations, the band gap’s range, revealed by the optical analysis, is from 1.4 to 1.8 eV. Moreover, the stability of CsPbI3 remains excellent for two weeks and in a ~60% humid environment. Based on the UV–Visible spectrometer and photoluminescence characterization, a numerical analysis for fabricated samples was also performed for stability analysis by modeling standard solar-cell structures HTL/APbI3/ETL. Modeling findings are in good agreement with experimental results that CsPbI3 is more stable, showing a loss % in PCE of 14.28%, which is smaller in comparison to FAPbI3 (44.46%) and MAPbI3 (20.24%).

The Use of Copper-Based Delafossite to Improve Hydrogen Production Performance: A Review

“…Gas chromatography was used to assess the rate of hydrogen creation, and the catalyst performed better with rotation during the OER and HER. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuYO 2 nanopowder as a viable catalytic material for hydrogen generation applications, including fuel cells, battery devices, electrolysers, and solar water splitting [102,[132][133][134].…”

Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects of the Solar Cell Market

“…Although monocrystalline silicon cells are more efficient, they are less expensive because they are composed of multiple silicon crystals molded together. Despite the first-generation technology being up to 44% more efficient than crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, its cost remains higher [33,34].…”

“…Among these thin film materials, copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention [36,37]. In particular, perovskite solar cells have recently achieved research efficiencies exceeding 20 percent, making them a highly promising technology [34,38]. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) also represent a third-generation photovoltaic technology.…”

Improving Stability and Performance of Cesium Mixed Lead Halides for Photovoltaic Applications

“…However, this energy, composed of fossil resources, poses a major environmental and climatic challenge of global proportions; it is, therefore, crucial to resort to other types of so-called green sources, such as photovoltaic energy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It is in this context that we are interested in the development of perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications. Perovskites have many optoelectronic advantages, creating much excitement around them.…”