Investigation of the surface of antifriction Al–Cu–Si–Sn–Pb aluminum alloys

Stolyarova, O. O.; Muravyеva, T. I.; Zagorskiy, D. L.; Gubenko, M. M.

doi:10.1134/s1027451017040292

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As was shown earlier (Belov et al, 2016b;Stolyarova et al, 2017), heat treatment changes the structure of the alloy. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the polished surface confirmed that after heat treatment, the silicon and soft phases acquired a rounded shape, the copper content decreased (due to its partial dissolution in the aluminum matrix).…”

Section: Examination Of the Samples Structurementioning

confidence: 54%

“…In the process of mass transfer, a change in the topography and elemental composition of the contact surfaces occurs. In Stolyarova et al (2017) it is shown that destruction is a multi-step process. The stages of this process are not only the transfer of material from one friction surface to another, and the change in the surface topography, but also the score.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribological Tests Effect on Changes in the Surface Layers of Iron-Containing Antifrictional Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2019

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Antifrictional properties and surface parameters of Al-Si-Cu-Sn-Pb alloys have been investigated. The effect of iron addition (∼1%) on the structure and tribological properties of aluminum alloy samples has been studied. Tribological properties were explored using the "shoe-roller" scheme with step-by-step pressure changes. The investigations were carried out both in and without a lubricant. The SEM-(with elemental analysis) and SPM-microscopy methods were applied to study sample surface and under-surface layers of the samples at the transversal sections. After tribological tests have been carried out, the topography of both surface and under-surface layers at the transversal sections has been studied. During the tests without lubrication solid particles, presumably, oxides were formed. The particles increase the surface destruction, thus, doing their part of an abrasive and contributing to (scuffing) score. After testing in the lubricant particles containing silicon and copper and having a rounded shape were also formed. These particles remain on the surface and are rolled in the lubricant. They creating a kind of a "protective cover" contributing to the contact pair stable operation. The under-surface layer 50-100 µm thick formation was found at the sections after tribological tests without lubrication. The samples sections were prepared after testing with lubrication. The study of the samples sections demonstrated the formation of the under-surface layer with thickness 30-40 µm. The elements redistribution in these layers was shown. After the tribological tests were carried out, the counterbodies (rollers) were also explored. The SPM method has been shown the film formed on the surface is uneven in thickness after tests without lubrication. This leads to the macrorelief development during friction and can lead to (scuffing) score. On the contrary, after tests in lubricant the secondary structures film formed is distributed on the surface as a thin uniform layer. This film has the protective properties. It was shown that alloys containing iron (up to 1%) have good tribological characteristics when tested both in and without the lubricant. Thus, they can be used as antifrictional materials.

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Section: Examination Of the Samples Structurementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Tests Effect on Changes in the Surface Layers of Iron-Containing Antifrictional Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2019

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“…The Al-7.6Sn exhibits a dendritic cell structure with a size ranging from 10–110 μm ( Figure 4 a). In addition to the aluminum solid solution (Al), the elements distribution maps ( Figure 4 d) reveal the presence of soft structural inclusions of Sn-and Pb-rich phases (Sn-rich, Sn-Pb, and Pb-Sn phases), as well as the solid phase inclusions of Al 2 Cu ( θ ) phase, as confirmed by [ 23 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Due to the close atomic numbers of Al and Si, the backscattered electrons (BSE) SEM images do not reveal the presence of a small amount of the (Si) phase in the microstructure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Bearing Aluminum-Based Alloys: Microstructure, Mechanical Characterizations, and Experiment-Based Modeling Approach

Mosleh

Kotova²,

Котов

et al. 2022

Materials

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Due to the engine’s start/stop system and a sudden increase in speed or load, the development of alloys suitable for engine bearings requires excellent tribological properties and high mechanical properties. Including additional elements in the Al-rich matrix of these anti-friction alloys should strengthen their tribological properties. The novelty of this work is in constructing a suitable artificial neural network (ANN) architecture for highly accurate modeling and prediction of the mechanical properties of the bearing aluminum-based alloys and thus optimizing the chemical composition for high mechanical properties. In addition, the study points out the impact of soft and more solid phases on the mechanical properties of these alloys. For this purpose, a huge number of alloys (198 alloys) with different chemical compositions combined from Sn, Pb, Cu, Mg, Zn, Si, Ni, Bi, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Al) were cast, annealed, and tested for determining their mechanical properties. The annealed sample microstructure analysis revealed the formation of soft structural inclusions (Sn-rich, Sn-Pb, and Pb-Sn phases) and solid phase inclusions (strengthened phase, Al2Cu). The mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength (σu), Brinell hardness (HB), and elongation to failure (δ) were used as control responses for constructing the ANN network. The constructed network was optimized by attempting different network architecture designs to reach minimal errors. Besides the excellent tribological characteristics of the designed set of alloys, soft inclusions based on Sn and Pb and solid-phase Cu inclusions fulfilled the necessary level of mechanical properties for anti-friction alloys; the maximum mechanical properties reached were: σu = 197 ± 7 MPa, HB = 77 ± 4, and δ = 20.3 ± 1.0%. The optimal ANN architecture with the lowest errors (correlation coefficient (R) = 0.94, root mean square error (RMSE) = 3.5, and average actual relative error (AARE) = 1.0%) had two hidden layers with 20 neurons. The model was validated by additional experiments, and the characteristics of the new alloys were accurately predicted with a low level of errors: R ≥ 0.97, RMSE = 1–2.65, and AARE ˂ 10%.

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“…The elemental composition and relief of the friction track surface on the steel counterbody are also changed. This surface is covered with particles, which are transferred from the sample surface ( Figure 5 ) [ 22 , 29 ]. These particles have an elongated shape in the sliding direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribotechnical Properties of Sintered Antifriction Aluminum-Based Composite under Dry Friction against Steel

et al. 2021

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The disadvantage of antifriction Al–Sn alloys with high tin content is their low bearing capacity. To improve this property, the aluminum matrix of the alloys was alloyed with zinc. The powder of Al–10Zn alloy was blended with the powder of pure tin in the proportion of 40/60 (wt.%). The resulting mixture of the powders was compacted in briquettes and sintered in a vacuum furnace. The sintered briquettes were subjected to subsequent pressing in the closed press mold at an elevated temperature. After this processing, the yield strength of the sintered (Al–10Zn)–40Sn composite was 1.6 times higher than that of the two-phase Al–40Sn one. The tribological tests of the composites were carried out according to the pin-on-disk scheme without lubrication at pressures of 1–5 MPa. It was established that the (Al–10Zn)–40Sn composite has higher wear resistance compared with the Al–40Sn one. However, this advantage becomes insignificant with an increase in the pressure. It was found that the main wear mechanism of the investigated composites under the dry friction process is a delamination of their highly deformed matrix grains.

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Investigation of the surface of antifriction Al–Cu–Si–Sn–Pb aluminum alloys

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Tribological Tests Effect on Changes in the Surface Layers of Iron-Containing Antifrictional Aluminum Alloys

Tribological Tests Effect on Changes in the Surface Layers of Iron-Containing Antifrictional Aluminum Alloys

Bearing Aluminum-Based Alloys: Microstructure, Mechanical Characterizations, and Experiment-Based Modeling Approach

Tribotechnical Properties of Sintered Antifriction Aluminum-Based Composite under Dry Friction against Steel

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