Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation

Jennett, Kyle; Booth, Campbell; Coffele, Federico; Roscoe, Andrew

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0169

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Current dip: as shown by others [11] via experiments, the current output from the converter may experience an initial temporary "dip" in output immediately following a fault.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Synchronous machines may provide fault currents of 5-7 times larger than rated current immediately following close-up short circuits. However, the fault current provided by a converter-interfaced source may only be 1-2 times rated current [9] [10], and in some cases, under severe voltage depressions, some converters may not even be capable of providing rated current [11].…”

Section: Converter Fault Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Ramp rate limit: this can be used to reflect different converters' ability to increase their output, if indeed the output does increase [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic evaluation of network protection responses in future converter-dominated power systems

Li¹,

Booth²,

Roscoe³

et al. 2016

13th International Conference on Development in Power System Protection 2016 (DPSP)

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This paper illustrates how converter interfaces, used to connect renewable energy sources, HVDC links and infeeds to the power system, may bring significant changes to the behaviour of protection systems in the future. A converter model, capable of providing adjustable fault responses, is used to investigate the response of power system protection to a range of fault conditions. Different scenarios have been simulated by applying different types of faults at different location of the transmission system with a variety of different converter response types. A dynamic, verified, relay model and a hardware relay device have been injected with the simulated results to ascertain network protection performance.A summary of results are presented and it is shown that, when the system is dominated by converter-interfaced sources (especially where the sources are modeled as being unable to provide "fast" and "high" fault currents), the responses of traditional protection systems could be delayed, lose discrimination, e.g. by tripping with a zone 2 delay for a zone 1 fault, or may be completely unable to detect faults at certain locations within the system. The outcomes of the paper and further work should act as a guide for on-going investigations and assist in informing the specification of national grid codes and related work.

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“…Current dip: as shown by others [11] via experiments, the current output from the converter may experience an initial temporary "dip" in output immediately following a fault.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Converter Fault Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A systematic evaluation of network protection responses in future converter-dominated power systems

Li¹,

Booth²,

Roscoe³

et al. 2016

13th International Conference on Development in Power System Protection 2016 (DPSP)

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“…As a consequence a great number of distributed low power sources have been connected to the LV grid in the last years, leading in some case to grid stability problem such as: transformer reverse power flow, voltage rise, unexpected islanding operations, sympathetic tripping, etc. [1], [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the frequency‐based control of a master/slave micro‐grid

Buticchi

Carne

Barater

et al. 2016

IET Renewable Power Generation

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Renewable energy penetration in the low-voltage grid faces several limitations due to the current grid topology. Master/slave micro-grids could help solving these issues, by offering additional services to the grid, such as the power management of the distributed power energy sources.In some cases, the power produced by the distributed energy sources exceeds the local consumption of the low-voltage grid. The consequent reverse power flow can be either dangerous (for the medium voltage) or impossible (for a micro-grid with limited storage). The droop characteristic of commercial inverter can be exploited to avoid this behavior. However stability problems can arise due to a low phase-locked-loop (PLL) bandwidth. This paper investigates the stability of this solution depending on the bandwidth of the PLL of the distributed power generation sources. I. INTRODUCTIONThe distributed power generation systems (DPGS) became more and more important over the last few years. Their increasing popularity has been driven by the use of renewable energy sources and the rising costs of the energy distribution, leading to modifications of the electric grid. Among the renewable energy sources employed in this framework, photovoltaic (PV) is receiving a great attention. PV systems can be divided into island-grid (or stand-alone), where the converters supply local loads, and grid-connected, where the power produced by the panels is transferred to the electrical grid.In general, grid-connected systems have been preferred to stand-alone ones, since the mains can compensate the energy production oscillations due to the variable nature of the PV source. As a consequence a great number of distributed low power sources have been connected to the LV grid in the last years, leading in some case to grid stability problem such as: transformer reverse power flow, voltage rise, unexpected islanding operations, sympathetic tripping, etc.[1], [2].To partially mitigate these problems, standards have recently imposed to grid-connected inverters to vary their output power in function of the instantaneous value of grid voltage and frequency (CEI-021 [3]). In fact, when in a LV grid the amount of energy from installed distributed sources is comparable to the loads' consumption, particular care must be taken to manage conditions of high imbalance between power generation and energy demand. Therefore, grid-connected systems have to limit their output power to face the cases of low local consumption. For PV systems an example is that of summer months in south European regions, when to an high PV energy production may not correspond an equivalent local demand [4]. This paper investigates the stability of a micro-grid where a frequency control is adopted to manage the power balance [5]- [7]. The basic assumption is that the frequency of the micro-grid can be changed (fully-decentralized micro-grid or smart-transformer micro-grid) to interact with the distributed sources. The novelty of the proposed approach is that standard current-controlled grid-connected ...

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“…In this regard, the studies in [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] suggested the adaptive protection scheme considering several types of relays (distance relays, OCRs, etc. ), also considering grid-connected and islanded mode of operations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptive Protection Scheme for a Distribution System Considering Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation

et al. 2016

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The renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) implementation in power systems has been an active research area during the last few decades due to several environmental, economic and political factors. Although the integration of DG offers many advantages, several concerns, including protection schemes in systems with the possibility of bi-directional power flow, are raised. Thus, new protection schemes are strongly required in power systems with a significant presence of DG. In this study, an adaptive protection strategy for a distribution system with DG integration is proposed. The proposed strategy considers both grid-connected and islanded operating modes, while the adaptive operation of the protection is dynamically realized considering the availability of DG power production (related to faults or meteorological conditions) in each time step. Besides, the modular structure and fast response of the proposed strategy is validated via simulations conducted on the IEEE 13-node test system.

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Investigation of the sympathetic tripping problem in power systems with large penetrations of distributed generation

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

A systematic evaluation of network protection responses in future converter-dominated power systems

A systematic evaluation of network protection responses in future converter-dominated power systems

Analysis of the frequency‐based control of a master/slave micro‐grid

Adaptive Protection Scheme for a Distribution System Considering Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes of Operation

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