Investigation of the thermal, mechanical, electrical and morphological properties of supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extrusion of microphase-separated poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene)

Poudel, Anup; Karode, Nireeksha; Fitzhenry, Laurence; Kennedy, James E.; Matthews, Siobhán; Walsh, Philip R.; Thomas, Ken; Coffey, Austin

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.013

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Samples were kept under isothermal conditions for 3 min followed by heating at 3°C/min. A similar method was previously implemented for microphase and molecular movement studies using a different copolymer (Karode et al, 2017; Poudel et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride Nanotube Addition Enhances the Crystallinity and Cytocompatibility of PVDF-TrFE

et al. 2019

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Analysis of the cellular response to piezoelectric materials has been driven by the discovery that many tissue components exhibit piezoelectric behavior ex vivo . In particular, polyvinylidene fluoride and the trifluoroethylene co-polymer (PVDF-TrFE) have been identified as promising piezo and ferroelectric materials with applications in energy harvesting and biosensor devices. Critically, the modulation of the structural and crystalline properties of PVDF-TrFE through annealing processes and the addition of particulate or fibrous fillers has been shown to modulate significantly the materials electromechanical properties. In this study, a PVDF-TrFE/boron-nitride nanotube composite was evaluated by modulated differential scanning calorimetry to assess the effects of boron nitride nanotube addition and thermal annealing on the composite structure and crystal behavior. An increased beta crystal formation [f(β) = 0.71] was observed following PVDF-TrFE annealing at the first crystallization temperature of 120°C. In addition, the inclusion of boron nitride nanotubes significantly increased the crystal formation behavior [f(β) = 0.76] and the mechanical properties of the material. Finally, it was observed that BNNT incorporation enhance the adherence and proliferation of human tenocyte cells in vitro .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride Nanotube Addition Enhances the Crystallinity and Cytocompatibility of PVDF-TrFE

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, the combination of HME and SCF technology can open up new dimensions in polymer processing manufacturing. Recently, research on scCO 2 -assisted HME processes has received attention in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. For example, Verreck et al [ 25 ] revealed that the scCO 2 lowered the melt process temperature of Eudragit E100 in the extruder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sub- and Near-Critical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Manufacturing on Medical Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Baru¹,

Matthews²,

Marchese

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Incorporating thermally labile active pharmaceutical ingredients for manufacturing multifunctional polymeric medical devices is restricted due to their tendency to degrade in the hot melt extrusion process. In this study, the potential of sub- and near-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reversible plasticiser was explored by injecting it into a twin-screw hot melt extrusion process of Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethane to decrease its melt process temperature. Its morphological, throughput, thermal, rheological, and mechanical performances were also evaluated. The resultant extrudates were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, parallel plate rotational rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing. The process temperature decreased from 185 to 160 °C. The rheology indicated that the reduction in melt viscosity was from 690 Pa.s to 439 Pa.s (36%) and 414 Pa.s (40%) at 4.14 and 6.89 MPa, respectively. The tensile modulus in the elastomeric region is enhanced from 5.93 MPa, without CO2 to 7.71 MPa with CO2 at both 4.14 and 6.89 MPa. The results indicate that the employment of both sub- and near-critical CO2 as a processing aid is a viable addition to conventional hot melt extrusion and that they offer more opportunities for thermosensitive drugs to be more stable in the molten stream of Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethane.

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“…The properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) are most commonly documented in the literature and it is a commonly used substance, due to attractive properties such as non-toxicity, non-flammability and easily achievable critical parameters [14][15][16][17] . Extensive research has been carried out in scCO 2 -assisted polymer processing for tailoring electrical 18,19 , thermal 20,21 , mechanical 22 , microcellular formation 23 , porosity 24 and microphase separation 21 of different polymer and polymer composites for several applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) are most commonly documented in the literature, and it is a commonly used substance, due to attractive properties such as nontoxicity, nonflammability, and easily achievable critical parameters. 14−17 Extensive research has been carried out in scCO 2 -assisted polymer processing for tailoring electrical, 18,19 thermal, 20,21 mechanical, 22 microcellular formation, 23 porosity, 24 and microphase separation 21 of different polymer and polymer composites for several applications. Several research and review articles are also available with an emphasis on the synthesis and processability of scCO 2 graphene composites for a myriad range of applications, mostly concentrating on single-step autoclave techniques.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A supercritical fluid is any substance beyond its critical pressure and temperature. The properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) are most commonly documented in the literature, and it is a commonly used substance, due to attractive properties such as nontoxicity, nonflammability, and easily achievable critical parameters. − Extensive research has been carried out in scCO 2 -assisted polymer processing for tailoring electrical, , thermal, , mechanical, microcellular formation, porosity, and microphase separation of different polymer and polymer composites for several applications. Several research and review articles are also available with an emphasis on the synthesis and processability of scCO 2 graphene composites for a myriad range of applications, mostly concentrating on single-step autoclave techniques. ,,− ,− A number of researchers have also reported the continuous industrial standard processing of graphene-based composite three-dimensional foams. ,− However, the effects of reprocessing once scCO 2 assisted processed composite has not been described elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization Behavior of Pebax–Graphene Composite Matrix with and without Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Polymer Processing Technique

Karode

Poudel

Fitzhenry

et al. 2018

Crystal Growth & Design

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The paper presents an in-depth analysis on the crystallisation kinetics of Pebax-Graphene composites when processed with and without supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (scCO 2) assisted extrusion at various graphene loading concentrations. Crystallisation behaviour was understood using the Avrami model for isothermal conditions and the Avrami, Ozawa and Combined Avrami-Ozawa model for non-isothermal conditions. The results from crystallisation kinetics suggest that the crystal structure transformed from 2D to 3D when processed with scCO 2. The overall crystallisation rate decreases when the composite matrix was processed with scCO 2 under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions promoting possible exfoliation and crystal rearrangement resulting in homogenisation of the composite matrix. The Arrhenius and Kissinger's activation energy was calculated which is indicative of restriction opposed by graphene exfoliation to nucleation and crystal growth when processed with scCO 2. Crystallite size was calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern using Scherrer's equation, where the crystallite size tends to decrease when processed with scCO 2 favouring the production of a homogenous composite matrix due to crystal rearrangement and graphene exfoliation.

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Investigation of the thermal, mechanical, electrical and morphological properties of supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extrusion of microphase-separated poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene)

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Boron Nitride Nanotube Addition Enhances the Crystallinity and Cytocompatibility of PVDF-TrFE

Boron Nitride Nanotube Addition Enhances the Crystallinity and Cytocompatibility of PVDF-TrFE

The Effect of Sub- and Near-Critical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Manufacturing on Medical Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Crystallization Behavior of Pebax–Graphene Composite Matrix with and without Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Polymer Processing Technique

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