“…These properties include simplicity of production, low melting point, affordability, outstanding heat stability, high optical transparency, and exceptional glass-forming capacity [ 20 ]. Numerous successful industrial applications, such as sodium vapor lamps, solder glasses (low-temperature sealing glasses), solid-state lasers, bioactive glasses, radiation dosimetry, and gamma-ray shielding, have been drawn by unique properties [ [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ]. However, borate-based glasses have certain complex limitations, including poor chemical durability, extreme hygroscopicity, and high phonon energies (1400 cm −1 ), that increase the non-radiative emission losses and reduce the radiative transition rate.…”