“…The phases of medical evacuation can be characterized by ground, vehicle, and aerial transport (Kang and Lehman, 2011), and wholebody vibration (Demic and Lukic, 2009;Johanning, 2011) exists in all of these modes. A study (Alberti et al, 2006) on off-road ambulance and hand transportation showed the largest un-weighted average accelerationsd1.87 and 1.46 m/s 2 , respectively.…”