Ultrasonic propagation in coal seams is accompanied by
heat transfer,
which has the potential to increase coal seam permeability, enhance
coalbed methane (CBM) recovery, and prevent coal and gas outbursts.
Therefore, it is important to analyze the effects of heat transfer
by ultrasonic vibration on CBM recovery and evaluate the prospects
of engineering applications of ultrasonic heating technology. In this
study, the factors affecting heat transfer by ultrasonic vibration
were analyzed theoretically; then, CBM recovery under the condition
of ultrasonic heating was simulated by establishing a coupled acoustic–thermal–mechanical–hydrological
model. The correctness of acoustic–thermal model was validated
by matching simulated data with experimental data. And the accuracy
of the gas flow model was verified by comparing the production data
from CBM extraction boreholes with the simulated data. The research
results were as follows: heat transfer by ultrasonic vibration was
affected by frequency and sound pressure. When the ultrasonic frequency
varied from 30 to 40 kHz and the sound pressure varied from 0.1 to
0.12 MPa, the lower the frequency, the higher the sound pressure,
and the better the ultrasonic vibration heat transfer effect. In addition,
the thermal expansion volumetric strain of the coal matrix caused
by the ultrasonic heating of coal seams was weaker than the shrinkage
volumetric strain of the coal matrix caused by gas desorption, improving
the porosity and permeability of the coal seams. Furthermore, the
gas drainage standard area increased by 20.8 m2 after 720
days of CBM recovery when replacing conventional CBM recovery with
ultrasonic-assisted CBM recovery. With a production time of 720 days,
the maximum production of CBM after ultrasonic excitation at a frequency
of 40 kHz and a sound pressure of 0.10 MPa increases from 3744 to
9740 m3/day compared to conventional excitation. Our fully
coupled acoustic–thermal–mechanical–hydrological
model can improve current understandings of heat and mass transfer
in thermal simulation of ultrasonic-enhanced CBM recovery.