Investigation of the Weld Properties of Dissimilar S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel with AISI 304 Steel Joints Produced by Arc Stud Welding

Abstract

UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel plates with a thickness of 3 mm are arc stud welded by M8 × 40 mm AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel studs with constant stud lifts in order to investigate the effects of welding arc voltages on mechanical and microstructural behaviors of the joints. As the welding arc voltage increases starting from 140 V, the tensile strength of the weldment also increases but the higher arc values results in more spatters around the weld seam up to 180 V. Conversely, the lower arc voltages causes poor tensile strength values to weldments. Tensile tests proved that all of the samples are split from each other in the welding zone but deformation occurs in duplex plates during the tensile testing of weldments so that the elongation values are not practically notable. The satisfactory tensile strength and bending values are determined by applying 180 volts of welding arc voltage according to ISO 14555 standard. Peak values of micro hardness occurred in weld metal most probably as a consequence of increasing heat input decreasing the delta ferrite ratios. As the arc voltage increases, the width of the heat affected zone increases. Coarsening of delta-ferrite and austenite grains was observed in the weld metal peak temperature zone but it especially becomes visible closer to the duplex side in all samples. The large voids and unwelded zones up to approximately 1 mm by length are observed by macro-structure inspections. Besides visual tests and micro-structural surveys; bending and microhardness tests with radiographic inspection were applied to samples for maintaining the correct welding parameters in obtaining well-qualified weldments of these two distinct groups of stainless steel materials.

Fiber Laser Welding of Dissimilar 2205/304 Stainless Steel Plates

“…Components with adequate ductility, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and desirable electrical and thermal conductivities have been achieved through DM welding [3,4]. Several DM welding techniques have been reported, including Welding-Brazing [5][6][7], Arc [8][9][10], Friction [11], Friction stir [12,13], Ultrasonic [14,15], Explosive welding [16], Laser [17][18][19], and Hybrid Laser-Arc welding [20,21].…”

Modelling and Experimental Study of Dissimilar Arc Stud Welding of AISI 304L to AISI 316L Stainless Steel

“…Despite that, the welding of dissimilar metals is considered a big challenge due to the differences in physical properties and chemical composition which leads to the formation of large residual stresses and intermetallic compounds. Dissimilar welding gives the ability to pick the right metal for certain applications according to the service condition [9][10][11][12].…”

Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of 316L Austenitic and 2304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steels

“…For joining stainless steels with other metals in addition to laser welding also other methods can be used: metal active gas arc welding (MAG), tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG), shielded metal arc welding, arc stud welding, friction welding, friction stir welding, diffusion welding, explosive welding, and furnace brazing. For welding different grades of austenitic and duplex steels, many variants of technologies were used, which led to obtain joints with various morphology, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”