Investigation of the yvgW Bacillus subtilis chromosomal gene involved in Cd2+ ion resistance

Solovieva, I. A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(01)00587-0

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The arsenic resistance operon consisting of the gene of the repressor arsR, the arsenite transporter arsB, arsenate reductase arsC, and yqcK are upregulated significantly at all time points. Also, the cadmium resistance gene yvgW and the three upstream genes, including its possible positive regulator yvgY (25), were among the genes most strongly induced by disulfide (Table 3). In proteins involved in resistance to toxic elements, reduced cysteines often play a major role in either binding and/or reducing the toxic elements and therefore are crucial for the activity of the detoxifying enzymes (18,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Characterization of Disulfide Stress inBacillus subtilis

2003

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We used DNA macroarray and proteome analysis to analyze the regulatory networks in Bacillus subtilis that are affected by disulfide stress. To induce disulfide stress, we used the specific thiol oxidant diamide. After addition of 1 mM diamide to an exponentially growing culture, cell growth stopped until the medium was cleared of diamide. Global analysis of the mRNA expression pattern during growth arrest revealed 350 genes that were induced by disulfide stress by greater than threefold. Strongly induced genes included known oxidative stress genes that are under the control of the global repressor PerR and heat shock genes controlled by the global repressor CtsR. Other genes that were strongly induced encode putative regulators of gene expression and proteins protecting against toxic elements and heavy metals. Many genes were substantially repressed by disulfide stress, among them most of the genes belonging to the negative stringent response. Two-dimensional gels of radioactively labeled protein extracts allowed us to visualize and quantitate the massive changes in the protein expression pattern that occurred in response to disulfide stress. The observed dramatic alteration in the protein pattern reflected the changes found in the transcriptome experiments. The response to disulfide stress seems to be a complex combination of different regulatory networks, indicating that redox-sensing cysteines play a key role in different signaling pathways sensing oxidative stress, heat stress, toxic element stress, and growth inhibition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Characterization of Disulfide Stress inBacillus subtilis

2003

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“…The metal transporters cadA and czcDO were strongly induced by acids ( Table 2). The gene cadA encodes a cpx-type ATPase, which exports toxic metals such as Cd(II), Zn(II), and Co(II) (27,59), and the czcDO operon encodes an antiporter that exchanges heavy metals for K ϩ (47). Transport of inorganic ions and polyamines.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid and Base Stress and Transcriptomic Responses in Bacillus subtilis

Wilks

Kitko

Cleeton

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

132

148

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Acid and base environmental stress responses were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis AG174 cultures in buffered potassium-modified Luria broth were switched from pH 8.5 to pH 6.0 and recovered growth rapidly, whereas cultures switched from pH 6.0 to pH 8.5 showed a long lag time. Log-phase cultures at pH 6.0 survived 60 to 100% at pH 4.5, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <15%. Cells grown at pH 9.0 survived 40 to 100% at pH 10, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <5%. Thus, growth in a moderate acid or base induced adaptation to a more extreme acid or base, respectively. Expression indices from Affymetrix chip hybridization were obtained for 4,095 protein-encoding open reading frames of B. subtilis grown at external pH 6, pH 7, and pH 9. Growth at pH 6 upregulated acetoin production (alsDS), dehydrogenases (adhA, ald, fdhD, and gabD), and decarboxylases (psd and speA). Acid upregulated malate metabolism (maeN), metal export (czcDO and cadA), oxidative stress (catalase katA; OYE family namA), and the SigX extracytoplasmic stress regulon. Growth at pH 9 upregulated arginine catabolism (roc), which generates organic acids, glutamate synthase (gltAB), polyamine acetylation and transport (blt), the K ؉ /H ؉ antiporter (yhaTU), and cytochrome oxidoreductases (cyd, ctaACE, and qcrC). The SigH, SigL, and SigW regulons were upregulated at high pH. Overall, greater genetic adaptation was seen at pH 9 than at pH 6, which may explain the lag time required for growth shift to high pH. Low external pH favored dehydrogenases and decarboxylases that may consume acids and generate basic amines, whereas high external pH favored catabolism-generating acids.Bacillus subtilis can grow over several log units of environmental pH while maintaining cytoplasmic pH within a relatively narrow range that preserves protein and nucleic acid stability (19, 50, 55a). Environmental pH is important for the pathogenesis of related Bacillus species, such as the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus, which encounters acidic environments in the gastrointestinal tract and in food products where organic acids are used as preservatives (9, 64). B. cereus shows an acid tolerance response in which vegetative growth in a moderate acid induces proteins that enable survival under extreme acid conditions (64). In Bacillus anthracis, the lethal factor toxin undergoes a low-pH-driven structural change as it passes through acidic vesicles, which allows it to translocate into the cytosol (45). The Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is activated by alkaline pH upon entering the midgut of insect larvae (13), and bacterial growth is inhibited by acids (46).Cytoplasmic pH homeostasis has been studied extensively in B. subtilis, which maintains cytoplasmic pH within approximately pH 7.3 to pH 7.6 during vegetative growth over a range of environmental pH, from pH 6.0 to pH 9.0 (14, 50, 55a). At high external pH, cytoplasmic pH homeostasis involves Na ϩ /H ϩ antiporters as well as other Na ϩ transport components (14,26,50,67,68). Low pH triggers spore germi...

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“…Since yvgW has a strong transcription termination just downstream of the coding region, the next ORF (yvgV) is 120 nt downstream of yvgW (Kunst et al, 1997) and it is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA as shown by Solovieva and Entian (2002).…”

Section: Properties Of Yvgw Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yvgW gene of B. subtilis has been reported to encode a product which resembles CPx-type ATPase having a function related to Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ resistance through efflux of this metal (Solovieva and Entian, 2002;Gaballa and Helmann, 2003). Our former study has revealed that yvgW gene product was important for sporulation of B. subtilis since the disruption of this gene with the insertion of Tn10 (yvgW::Tn10::spc) resulted in the drastic decrease in the frequency of sporulation (Yazgan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%