Investigation of Thermal Behavior of 3D PET Knits with Different Bioceramic Additives

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermoregulatory properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 3D knitted materials with bioceramic additives which are highly absorbing far-infrared (FIR) radiation. Ceramic materials are well-known and useful for thermal insulation applications. In order to compare different types of ceramic additives and coating methods for their incorporation into textile, several types of ceramic compounds with heat-retaining function were selected: germanium (Ge), aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) additives were applied by impregnation in squeezing padder and titanium (Ti) by the screen printing method. The thermoregulatory properties (thermal resistance, heat-retaining effectiveness and air permeability) of 3D PET knits with bioceramic additives were estimated. In this study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to analyze the morphology of coated fabrics, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis was applied to evaluate the number of minerals with high heat capacity in each formulation used for treatment. The knits coated with a formulation containing Ti ceramic additives demonstrated the most effective thermal behavior. Furthermore, better heat accumulation effectiveness of Ti ceramics containing knits was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. It was also determined that 3D knitted fabric with Ti ceramic additives showed the highest emissivity among tested samples and the implication is that this sample radiates its energy more efficiently than others.

Explosives identification by infrared spectrometry

“…In the figure below (Figure 4) there is presented the obtained spectrum for a sample that after performing the analysis the database showed a very high match (over 90 %) with plastic explosive C3. The characteristic peaks are similar with those obtained in the literature [8] as can be seen in the Figure 5: In the figure below (Figure 6) there is presented the obtained spectrum for a sample that after performing the analysis the database showed a very high match (over 90 %) with TNT (trinitrotoluene). The characteristic peaks are similar with those obtained in the literature [9] as can be seen in the Figure 7: The next test with FTIR method was to identify an explosive precursor, namely Hexamine.…”

Effect of far-infrared fabrics on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells

“…The knitting density is 28 stitches/inch. Six plain knitted fabrics with different far-infrared fibers of the same specification are produced (Sankauskait_ e et al, 2020). Ordinary nylon fabric is also knitted to the same specifications.…”

An overview on far-infrared functional textile materials

“…Pyroelectricity provides one of the best performing principles for the detection of temperature changes. Pyroelectric crystals, ceramics of ferroelectric materials, as well as polymers, have therefore been used since the 1960s in thermal infrared (IR) detectors, joining the earlier thermal IR detection techniques of bolometers and thermopiles (Muralt, 2005). FIR induces strong vibrational and rotational and effects at molecular level with the potential to be biologically beneficial, based on the ability of penetrating skin barrier and the underlying tissues ( Figure 1), and generating heat by vibration of various structural components (fat molecules, subcutaneous proteins, water molecules).…”

“…The base principle for FIR functional textiles is based on two ways mechanism, once by are absorbing energy, from sunlight, and then radiate this energy back onto the body at specific wavelengths, and second, by being activated by the body's dissipated heat energy (Song et al, 2020). Thermophysiological comfort is affected by many factors, such as fiber type, yarn properties, fabric structure, finishing treatment (Sankauskaitė et al, 2020). In order to obtain highly efficient functional materials, manufacturing process tends to be extremely complex, as in low quantities, the properties inducing compounds have almost no effect on wearer's health, which leads to emission of a low amount of negative ions quantity (500-2600 anion/cc), inducing a low, if any, health effect.…”