Investigation of thermo‐mechanical and viscoelastic properties of <scp>3D</scp>‐printed <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> particle reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

Ayyappan, Vinod; Rangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere; Tengsuthiwat, Jiratti; Fiore, Vincenzo; Siengchin, Suchart

doi:10.1002/pc.28133

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is because of its safety, durability, and efficiency [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The process works by fabricating a 3D geometry layer by layer, depositing an extruded plastic filament from a nozzle [ 14 , 15 ]. 3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock used in FDM 3D printers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many types of filament available, each with different properties and Polymers 2024, 16, 831 2 of 29 coming in a range of diameters. Filaments consist of a continuous, slender plastic thread that is spooled onto a reel [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymers 2024, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 31 nozzle [14,15]. 3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock used in FDM 3D printers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review

Karimi,

Rahmatabadi,

Baghani

2024

Polymers

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology that has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating 3D printed polymers. It has gained attention recently due to its ease of use, efficiency, low cost, and safety. However, 3D-printed FDM components lack sufficient strength compared to those made using conventional manufacturing methods. This low strength can be mainly attributed to high porosity and low sinterability of layers and then to the characteristics of the polymer used in the FDM process or the FDM process itself. Regarding polymer characteristics, there are two main types of reinforcing fibers: discontinuous (short) and continuous. Continuous-fiber reinforced composites are becoming popular in various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. Since continuous reinforcing fibers have a more positive effect on increasing the strength of printed parts, this article focuses primarily on continuous long fibers. In addition to polymer characteristics, different mechanisms have been developed and introduced to address the issue of insufficient strength in 3D-printed FDM parts. This article comprehensively explains two main FDM mechanisms: in-situ fusion and ex-situ prepreg. It also provides relevant examples of these mechanisms using different reinforcing elements. Additionally, some other less frequently utilized mechanisms are discussed. Each mechanism has its own advantages and disadvantages, indicating that further development and modification are needed to increase the strength of 3D-printed FDM parts to be comparable to those produced using traditional methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review

Karimi,

Rahmatabadi,

Baghani

2024

Polymers

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Advancing additive manufacturing: 3D‐printing of hybrid natural fiber sandwich (Nona/Soy‐PLA) composites through filament extrusion and its effect on thermomechanical properties

Vinod,

Tengsuthiwat,

Vijay

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The additive manufacturing technique represents a technological advancement post the industrial revolution, enabling the development of intricate products with minimal waste. In the automotive sector, polymer extrusion‐based additive manufacturing is predominantly employed for part customization. Recently, reinforced polymer matrices have been used to enhance structural integrity, primarily utilizing synthetic materials. Due to environmental concerns, some recent studies have explored the incorporation of natural fiber reinforcement in polymer matrices for 3D‐printed products. Most research has focused on filler reinforcement, limiting investigations to a single type of reinforcement. To bridge this gap and enhance composite performance, our research introduces a novel method for 3D printing composites. This involves stacking sequences using two different natural fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) filaments, namely Nona and Soy, respectively. Mechanical testing reveals that the stacking sequence significantly influences the mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed composites. The 3D‐printed composite with Soy/PLA skin stacks exhibits the highest tensile strength of 74.82 MPa. Thermal analysis shows minor changes in glass transition temperature (Tg) and a consistent degree of crystallinity (10.01%). Notable differences in thermal expansion are observed due to the stacking sequence. Fatigue analysis demonstrates the durability of hybrid composites, enduring over 42,000 cycles with minimal deformation compared with to pure fiber‐reinforced 3D‐printed composites. Morphological analysis reveals excellent fiber–matrix interaction and bonding between stacks. The observations confirm that the developed material can be potentially used for developing structurally enhanced composites for lightweight applications. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be adapted for different 3D printing matrices, including robotic printing with multiple axes, making it suitable for various industrial sectors.Highlights Utilization of 3D printing technology for the development of agro‐waste fiber products. Hybridizing the 3D‐printed composite enhanced the fatigue life. New additive manufacturing technique for developing structurally enhanced composites.

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3D‐printed graphene‐reinforced composites: Opportunities and challenges

Banupriya,

Jeevan,

Divya

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Abstract3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is an innovative technology that allows for the construction of complex, three‐dimensional structures layer by layer using digital plans. This technology has transformed industries including as aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and consumer items by allowing for rapid prototyping, customization, and the manufacture of complex geometries. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal lattice, is well‐known for its superior electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as its great tensile strength. When graphene is mixed with composite materials, it greatly improves their mechanical and functional properties, resulting in composites with higher strength, conductivity, lower weight, and greater durability. The combination of 3D printing and graphene‐reinforced composites creates new opportunities for the production of high‐performance, application‐specific structures. This review identifies key advancements in the synthesis, processing, and application of these composites, while also addressing critical challenges such as material dispersion, scalability, and the impact of graphene on the 3D printing process itself. A significant conclusion of this review is the recognition that overcoming these challenges is not only feasible but essential for harnessing the full potential of 3D‐printed graphene‐reinforced composites across diverse industrial sectors. The unique contribution of this work lies in providing a comprehensive roadmap for future research, guiding efforts to bridge current gaps and drive innovation in this emerging field.

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Investigation of thermo‐mechanical and viscoelastic properties of 3D‐printed Morinda citrifolia particle reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review

Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review

Advancing additive manufacturing: 3D‐printing of hybrid natural fiber sandwich (Nona/Soy‐PLA) composites through filament extrusion and its effect on thermomechanical properties

3D‐printed graphene‐reinforced composites: Opportunities and challenges

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