Investigation of TNF-α release as a measure of skin irritancy

Lewis, Richard; McCall, J.C.; Botham, Philip A.; Kimber, Ian

doi:10.1016/0887-2333(93)90034-3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…8,22,41 Finally, we addressed the mechanisms by which gentle irritation and other types of distress elicit TSLP. TNF-a is induced by skin irritation 49,60 and triggers TSLP in the skin (Figs 1 and 4b), as shown by this study and previous studies, 25 making it a probable intermediary in the cascade that elicits TSLP. Nevertheless, we were surprised to find that endogenous TNF-a was not required for TSLP induction under any of the conditions tested, even though TNF-a had effects on the expression of other inflammatory genes in the irritated skin (V. Kumari, M. Babina, M. Worm, unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induction by skin irritation is independent of tumour necrosis factor-α, but supported by interleukin-1

et al. 2015

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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a general responder to disrupted skin homeostasis and may have a role in triggering the alarm system of the skin. TSLP induction is rapid, transient and driven by a mechanism that does not involve TNF-α, but partially relies on the evolutionarily ancient IL-1 system. The irritated skin secretes TSLP into the circulatory system. TSLP regulation varies between species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induction by skin irritation is independent of tumour necrosis factor-α, but supported by interleukin-1

et al. 2015

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“…TNF-α, produced by various types of cells, including fibroblasts and keratinocytes, is a pro-inflammatory protein. It is induced in the epidermis after exposure to harmful stimuli such as UV radiation or chemicals [ 67 , 68 ]. Before release, the protein precursor of TNF-α transforms into an active form that binds to cell surface receptors, resulting in various metabolic changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Biocompatibility and Safety of Diamond Nanoparticles on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Fraczek,

Kregielewski,

Wierzbicki

et al. 2023

Materials

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Diamond nanoparticles, also known as nanodiamonds (NDs), exhibit remarkable, awe-inspiring properties that make them suitable for various applications in the field of skin care products. However, a comprehensive assessment of their compatibility with human skin, according to the irritation criteria established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), has not yet been conducted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if diamond nanoparticles at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, incubated with reconstituted human epidermis (EpiDermTM) for 18 h, conform to the OECD TG439 standard used to classify chemical irritants. For this purpose, a cell viability test (MTT assay), histological assessment, and analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were performed. The results indicated that NDs had no toxic effect at the tested concentration. They also did not adversely affect tissue structure and did not lead to a simultaneous increase in protein and mRNA expression of the analyzed cytokines. These results confirm the safety and biocompatibility of NDs for application in skincare products, thereby creating a wide range of possibilities to exert an impact on the advancement of contemporary cosmetology in the future.

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“…Volunteers who reacted to SLS showed a significant increase in expression of an allele that has been linked with an excessive inflammatory response associated with other clinical settings (4, 15). TNFα plays an important role in contact dermatitis (16, 17). It is known to influence sensitization (18) and may also influence the elicitation phase (19–22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene elicitation responses and individual irritant threshold

et al. 2002

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Contact dermatitis shows significant interindividual variation. We studied the relationship between an individual's irritant threshold and the elicitation of experimentally induced allergic sensitization. The results suggest that there is an association between reactivity to an irritant and the likelihood of positive elicitation reactions to lower hapten concentrations. This novel finding would be compatible with the proposal that contact allergy is best explained using a danger model with cutaneous irritancy determining sensitization. However, the enhanced allergic reactivity of individuals with a lower irritant threshold was not apparent on visual inspection, suggesting that the determinants of skin reactivity to haptens are multifactorial.

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Investigation of TNF-α release as a measure of skin irritancy

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induction by skin irritation is independent of tumour necrosis factor-α, but supported by interleukin-1

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induction by skin irritation is independent of tumour necrosis factor-α, but supported by interleukin-1

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Biocompatibility and Safety of Diamond Nanoparticles on Reconstructed Human Epidermis

Relationship between 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene elicitation responses and individual irritant threshold

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