“…Nonlinear transient heat conduction problems are very important in many practical engineering fields such as aerospace engineering (Yang et al , 2015; Gu et al , 2016; Sun et al , 2022), nuclear industry (Tang et al , 2018) and metal casting (Álvarez-Hostos et al , 2019). As it is generally very difficult to find the analytical solution of the nonlinear transient heat conduction problems, a lot of numerical methods have been developed such as the finite element method (FEM) (Lewis et al , 1996; Reddy and Gartling, 2010; Zienkiewicz et al , 2014), finite difference method (Özişik et al , 2017; Chu and Chen, 2008), boundary element method (BEM) (Wrobel and Brebbia, 1987; Bialecki and Kuhn, 1993) and meshless method (Thakur et al , 2010; Singh et al , 2006; Xu et al , 2020).…”