Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system

Frölich, D.; Magyar, B.; Sauer, Bernd; Mayer, Patrick; Kirsch, Benjamin; Aurich, Jan C.; Skorupski, Robert; Smaga, Marek; Beck, Tilmann; Eifler, Dietmar

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.004

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The peaks at 2T = 50.8 o showed that the white grains were retained austenite. The presence of the peaks at 2T = 44.9 o , 65.1 o and 82.2 o indicated that the dark grains were bcc martensite [6][7][8]. Towards the core, the amount of austenite reduced while the amount of martensite increased.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Carburized Steelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl

2016

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Abstract. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of carburization process on the sliding wear resistance of mild steel. The carburization process was conducted in carbonate salts mixtures of Na2CO3-NaCl. Carburization followed by water quenching resulted in the formation of martensite with a hardness of 900 HV in the subsurface, up to the depth of 400 µm. This hardness value was substantially higher than the non-carburized steel which had a hardness of 520 HV. In the initial stage of sliding in air, abrasive wear and cluster of fine cavities due to adhesion were formed. This was followed by the formation of large-scale fracture at the cavities. The high hardness of the carburized steel reduced the severity of adhesive wear and thus the tendency of the worn surface to fracture.

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Section: Microstructure Of the Carburized Steelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl

2016

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“…For this purpose, CO2-snow is determined as a powerful coolant with good wetting behavior [6]. With this process the component performance can be increased in terms of wear resistance [7] as well as fatigue strength [8]. However, high feeds, needed to achieve high mechanical loads in the workpiece surface layer, lead to rough surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cutting Edge Geometry on Deformation Induced Hardening when Cryogenic Turning of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 347

et al. 2016

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In recent years deformation induced surface hardening was carried out to enhance the component performance of metastable austenitic steels. To be able to induce such a phase transformation from austenite to martensite in the workpiece surface layer, high mechanical loads and low process temperatures are required. Therefore, cryogenic CO2-snow cooling is an appropriate method to assure a low heat influence on the workpiece. High mechanical loads can be obtained by high feed. However, this causes relatively rough surfaces due to the process kinematics. In this context, the influence of cutting edge geometry on deformation induced surface hardening and resulting surface roughness is investigated. With a variation of the geometry of the cutting edge, especially the cutting edge radius, mechanical loads and thus the amount of martensite formed were adjustable.

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“…[2], [5]. Whereas the material properties are assumed to be constant and known, see Table 2, process-dependent parameters like the heat transfer coefficients between the workpiece and the surrounding gas, cooling the workpiece by natural or forced convection,…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to an increase in the wear resistance [2] as well as the fatigue strength [3]. For the employed austenite-martensite phase transformation it is necessary to maintain low process temperatures, typically below room temperature.…”

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Estimation of Heat Transfer Properties for the FE Simulation of Cryogenic Turning

Becker

Hotz

Kirsch

et al. 2017

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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In order to shorten the process chain in manufacturing and thus to optimize the manufacturing time, current researches investigate the possibility of combining two process steps, turning and hardening.During cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic steel, deformation induced hardening in the surface layer of the workpiece can be achieved by applying high passive forces onto the workpiece [1]. This leads to an increase in the wear resistance [2] as well as the fatigue strength [3]. For the employed austenite-martensite phase transformation it is necessary to maintain low process temperatures, typically below room temperature. Thus, cryogenic cooling has to be applied to counteract the heat, generated during machining [4].For a better understanding of the influence of different cutting and cooling parameters on the temperature field during cryogenic turning, and thus martensite formation, knowledge of the exact temperature distribution in the workpiece and the workpiece surface temperature in the contact zone is essential. Since in situ measurements of the latter are hardly possible, an inverse determination via transient finite element simulation is performed [5].In order to model cryogenic turning, material properties, thermal loads and heat transfer coefficients defining convective heat transfer, have to be determined first. These model parameters are investigated independently in stand-alone experiments, applying only one thermal load at a time. The magnitudes of these values are obtained by iteratively modifying the initial values in the model until correspondence with measured temperature data from the experiment is achieved.The present finite element approach only takes thermal loads into account and is performed in the finite element program FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program) with an Eulerian mesh, which requires special consideration of the rigid body rotation of the workpiece. The Eulerian treatment results in an unsymmetrical system matrix, and a special stabilisation is required to avoid numerical oscillations in the time integration scheme [5]. ModelThe model which is used for the finite element simulations represents the cylindrical geometry of the investigated workpiece with a diameter of d = 14.4 mm in the machined area, see e.g. [2], [5]. Whereas the material properties are assumed to be constant and known, see Table 2, process-dependent parameters like the heat transfer coefficients between the workpiece and the surrounding gas, cooling the workpiece by natural or forced convection,and the heat input by the toolq in have to be determined first. These parameters describe the unknown parameters of an inverse boundary value problem, which has to be solved. This is done by comparing the simulated temperature data with measured data from the experiment by iteratively incrementing the value of the investigated parameter in the model. Experimental data is provided by three thermocouples, measuring the workpiece's inner temperatures.For simplifying the determination of the unknown parameter values...

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Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl

Influence of Cutting Edge Geometry on Deformation Induced Hardening when Cryogenic Turning of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 347

Estimation of Heat Transfer Properties for the FE Simulation of Cryogenic Turning

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Investigation of wear resistance of dry and cryogenic turned metastable austenitic steel shafts and dry turned and ground carburized steel shafts in the radial shaft seal ring system

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na2CO3-NaCl

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na2CO3-NaCl

Influence of Cutting Edge Geometry on Deformation Induced Hardening when Cryogenic Turning of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 347

Estimation of Heat Transfer Properties for the FE Simulation of Cryogenic Turning

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Product

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Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl

Sliding wear behaviour of steel carburized using Na₂CO₃-NaCl