Investigation of Weld Bead Shape Parameters in Relation to Heat Input During Submerged Arc Welding

Sharma, S.; Rathod, Dinesh W.; Payal, Himanshu; Maheshwari, Sachin

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4619-8_25

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From ANOVA results for WRFF presented in Table 7, voltage and welding speed are observed as the major influencing parameters. Lower value of voltage and higher welding speed resulted into lower value of WRFF 29 which is desired in case of WAAM application as WRFF indicates the external shape and spreadability of the deposited material. 29 This happens because decrease in voltage produces a narrow arc which directly controls the weld bead.…”

Section: Main Effects and Anova Results For Bead Geometry Characteris...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower value of voltage and higher welding speed resulted into lower value of WRFF 29 which is desired in case of WAAM application as WRFF indicates the external shape and spreadability of the deposited material. 29 This happens because decrease in voltage produces a narrow arc which directly controls the weld bead. Similarly, higher welding speed gives lesser heat input, therefore, lesser spreadability of the molten metal.…”

Section: Main Effects and Anova Results For Bead Geometry Characteris...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In WAAM, it needs to be as low as possible. Low heat input of arc welding leads to lower dilution 27,28 Higher dilution signifies the greater fusion of subsequent layers and therefore reheating of beneath layers with high heat input Reinforcement form factor (WRFF) Also known as spreading coefficient which signifies the spreadability of liquid metal, therefore, specifies the externalshape of the bead 29 Its lower value indicates higher reinforcement with narrow bead width and it is beneficial for building the structures in less time It indicates wider weld bead with less reinforcement. It is the result of higher heat input which can lead to distortion and higher build time Penetration shape-factor (WPSF) or aspect-ratio Indicates the internal shape of the weld and specify the cracking susceptibility of the weld 29 It happens with high heat input and it can lead to solidification cracking in the weld region With lesser penetration and wider width, weld surface tends to crack 29…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of welding parameters on bead characteristics and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured inconel 718

Kumar

Singh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In this study, a bi-directional, low-cost, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) setup is used to deposit aerospace-grade super-alloy IN718. The orthogonally designed experiments are carried out to optimize process parameters for bead geometry characteristics. Study result shows that with an increase in heat input, the bead parameters like bead width, reinforcement, dilution, penetration, and weld form factor are increasing, while it has a detrimental effect on weld shape factor and wetting angle. Microstructural examination reveals that at high heat input, coarser grain structure having average grain size of 72.29 µm is obtained while at low heat input, a finer grain structure with average grain size of 32.12 µm along with smaller amount of Laves phases are present. The XRD reveals NbC and TiC phases present in case of low heat input sample which enhances the mechanical properties of deposited material. The multilayer wall structures fabricated at high heat input showed more uniformity in shape with lesser waviness than that fabricated with low heat input. The tensile result of low heat input sample (775.82 MPa) shows higher strength than high heat input sample (741.07 MPa) which is because of smaller grain structure and higher hardness (278.11 HV) as obtained in low heat input sample as compared to high heat input sample (257.26 HV). The EBSD analysis also confirms highly textured surface, more grain boundary lengths and larger grain boundary orientation in low heat input sample imparted better mechanical properties.

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Section: Main Effects and Anova Results For Bead Geometry Characteris...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Effects and Anova Results For Bead Geometry Characteris...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of welding parameters on bead characteristics and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured inconel 718

Kumar

Singh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…As a covered arc welding process, the material transfer takes place in a cavern filled with dissociated gases and metal vapor [3]. Since it is not easily accessible with optical methods, models have been developed to gain knowledge about the processes inside the cavern and what effect they have on the weld seam [4][5][6]. The high metallurgical purity of the weld metal results in very good material properties, based on mechanical and thermochemical interactions between the mineral components of the flux and the molten droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the arc temperature in submerged arc welding using the Bartels method

Goett¹,

Gericke²,

Henkel³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Never before has an optical method been used to determine the arc temperature inside a submerged arc welding cavern with frequencies up to 5 kHz. To be able to do that, a combination of high-speed imaging and spatially resolved high-speed spectroscopy with up to 5000 fps has been performed. A DCEP (direct current electrode positive) process with 600, 800, 900 and 1000 A, and an AC (alternating current) process at 800 A were included in this research. The Bartels method has been used to calculate these temperatures for the first time. It generated temperatures from approximately 7000–9000 K. Also, it was found that a decrease of arc temperature for rising currents appeared until 900 A. After that, it is reversed for currents higher than 900 A.

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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

Kumar,

Sharma,

Raj Singh

2023

Adv. Manuf.

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Investigation of Weld Bead Shape Parameters in Relation to Heat Input During Submerged Arc Welding

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of welding parameters on bead characteristics and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured inconel 718

Effect of welding parameters on bead characteristics and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured inconel 718

Determining the arc temperature in submerged arc welding using the Bartels method

Effect of cooling media on bead geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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