Investigation on dynamic strength of 3D‐printed continuous ramie fiber reinforced biocomposites at various strain rates using machine learning methods

Abstract

3D-printed continuous natural fiber reinforced biocomposites have promising prospects due to their environmental friendliness and suitable mechanical properties. Understanding the dynamic mechanical properties of 3D-printed biocomposites is essential to expand their application. In this study, the continuous ramie fiber reinforced biocomposites (CRFRC) with different layer thicknesses and hatch spacings were fabricated via 3D printing technique with microstructure characterized. In addition, the dynamic strengths of 3D-printed CRFRC at four strain rates were investigated. The experimental results exhibited that the printing parameters presented nonlinear and interactive influences on the dynamic strength of CRFRC. Given this circumstance, machine learning methods were employed to link the dynamic strength of 3Dprinted CRFRC with different printing parameters. The experimental data were used to train, calibrate, and validate the machine learning models. The trained models were then utilized to predict the dynamic strength of CRFRC printed using different conditions. Behaviors under multiple strain rates were investigated over the whole parameter space. A good agreement was found between experimental results and predictions. Based on the prediction results, the relationships between parameters, microstructural characteristics and dynamic strength of printed CRFRC were quantitatively analyzed.

Process optimization of continuous flax fiber/polylactic acid prepreg filaments toward high performance 3D‐printed composites

“…25,26 This issue becomes more serious when using plant fibers, which were recommended as substitutes to enhance 3D-printed materials to meet environmental friendless and sustainable development needs. [27][28][29] To be made continuous yarns or fabrics, plant fibers must be twisted due to the limitations of their length. 30,31 However, twisting makes the natural fibers' yarns difficult to be infiltrated and ultimately increases the porosity of their 3D-printed composites because it creates a compact structure where the natural fibers are closely intertwined, which reduces the gaps or interstices between fibers and decreases the permeability of the natural fibers' yarns.…”

“…Studies have shown that when the porosity reaches 8%–10%, the strength and stiffness of the composites can be reduced by 50%–80% 25,26 . This issue becomes more serious when using plant fibers, which were recommended as substitutes to enhance 3D‐printed materials to meet environmental friendless and sustainable development needs 27–29 . To be made continuous yarns or fabrics, plant fibers must be twisted due to the limitations of their length 30,31 .…”

Improving the mechanical properties of 3D printed recycled polypropylene‐based composites through adjusting printing temperature

“…18,19 Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most commonly used 3D printing methods for thermoplastic materials. [20][21][22] FFF has a promising future in the recycling of thermoplastic composites due to its advantages of fast processing, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and good design ability. For instance, FFF enables on-demand manufacturing to create replacement parts and tools to positively affect human spaceflight operations.…”

“…3D printing, as an innovative technology for the production of composite components through the continuous addition of materials, 14–17 leaves a wide range of freedom in terms of complexity 18,19 . Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most commonly used 3D printing methods for thermoplastic materials 20–22 . FFF has a promising future in the recycling of thermoplastic composites due to its advantages of fast processing, simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and good design ability.…”

Frequency and deflection responses of 3D‐printed carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites: Theoretical and experimental verification

“…According to their research, samples printed in the horizontal direction have better tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical properties than those printed in the vertical and angle directions. The dynamic strength of continuous ramie fiber reinforced PLA composites was described by Cai et al [ 18 ] The 3D printed samples were subjected to various strain rate tests, and machine learning was chosen to analyze the relationship between process parameter and dynamic strength.…”