Investigation on energy straggling of protons via Fokker–Planck equation

A new, simple and precise method for measuring cyclotron proton beam energies using the activity vs. depth profile of zinc-65 in a thick target of stacked copper foils

“…It can be shown for a monoenergetic proton beam of energy o100 MeV penetrating a 'thick' target that its energy at any depth is not a unique value but assumes an approximately Gaussian distribution (Noshad and Bahador, 2012), which can be computed using the SRIM Monte Carlo code (Ziegler et al, 2011). This study used the method of Burrage et al (2009) to assess the effect of beam straggling on computed beam energy.…”