Investigation on mechanical properties of flax fiber/expanded polystyrene waste composites

Mohammed, Abdu; Rao, DK Nageswara

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13310

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The pulled-out fibres show that fibre surfaces are mostly free of the residual matrix, which is also evidence of poor adhesion between the fibres and matrix. The increased fibre content (i.e., V f = 0.50) may result in inadequate fibre wetting and non-uniform distribution of the fibre and matrix, lowering stress transfer between the fibre and matrix [ 85 ]. Moreover, the kink bands (see Figure 14 b) may act as preferential sites for initiating cracks [ 86 , 87 ], negatively influencing the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damping under Varying Frequencies, Mechanical Properties, and Failure Modes of Flax/Polypropylene Composites

Rahman

2023

Polymers

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This work investigates the effects of fibre content, fibre orientation, and frequency on the dynamic behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites (FFPCs) to improve understanding of the parameters affecting vibration damping in FFPCs. The effects of fibre content and fibre orientation on the mechanical performances of FFPCs, along with fracture characteristics, are also investigated in this study. Laminates of various fibre contents and orientations were manufactured by a vacuum bagging process, and their dynamic and static properties were then obtained using dynamic (dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to frequencies of 100 Hz) and various mechanical (tensile and flexural) analyses, respectively. The findings suggest that of all the parameters, fibre orientation has the most significant impact on the damping, and the maximum loss factor (i.e., 4.3–5.5%) is obtained for 45° and 60° fibre orientations. However, there is no significant difference in loss factors among the composites with different fibre contents. The loss factors lie mainly in the range of 4–5.5%, irrespective of the fibre volume fraction, fibre orientation, and frequency. A significant improvement (281 to 953%) in damping is feasible in flax fibre/polypropylene composites relative to more widespread glass/epoxy composites. The mechanical properties of composites are also strongly affected by fibre orientation with respect to the loading direction; for example, the tensile modulus decreases from 20 GPa to 3.45 GPa at an off-axis angle of 30° for a fibre volume fraction of 0.40. The largest mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) are found in the case of 0° fibre orientation. For composites with fibre volume fractions in the range 0.31–0.50, tensile moduli are in the range 16–21 GPa, and tensile strengths are in the range 125–173 MPa, while flexural moduli and strengths are in the ranges 12–15 GPa and 96–121 MPa, respectively, making them suitable for structural applications. The obtained results also suggest that flax fibre composites are comparable to glass fibre composites, especially in terms of specific stiffness. The ESEM analysis confirms the tensile failures of specimens due to fibre debonding, fibre pull-out and breakage, matrix cracking, and inadequate fibre/matrix adhesion. The outcomes from this study indicate that flax fibre-reinforced composite could be a commercially viable material for applications in which noise and vibration are significant issues and where a significant amount of damping is required with a combination of high stiffness and low weight.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damping under Varying Frequencies, Mechanical Properties, and Failure Modes of Flax/Polypropylene Composites

Rahman

2023

Polymers

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“…Given that the compression modulus of the PEGDA hydrogel material is comparable to that of human cartilage tissue, it has a promising future in the field of bioengineering. Mohammed et al [ 117 ] implemented an optimized approach for infusing up to 2 wt% superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a 10 nm diameter into a photo‐resin composed of water, acrylamide, and PEGDA, with refined nanoparticle homogeneity and decreased agglomeration during printing. The 3D‐printed starfish hydrogels ( Figure a) displayed high mechanical stability and robust mechanical properties, with a maximum Young's modulus of 1.8 MPa and a limited 10% shape deformation when expanded.…”

Section: D/4d Printing Of the Biodegradable Soft Sensors And Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[238] Unfortunately, because of their restricted range of mechanical and chemical characteristics, these polymers are only suitable for particular kinds of tissue replacement scaffolds. TPETA, [83] GelMA, [84,85] Acrylamide (AAm), [117] PEGDA, [88][89][90][91]107,113,117,130,140,147] photocrosslinkable polycaprolactone dimethyl acrylate (PCLDMA), [87,103] photocurable PLA, [110] photocurable polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCLDA), [86,129] gelatin, [99] photocurable chitosan-based polymer, [34] pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), [107] photocurable alginate-based polymer, [100] poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), [101] propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), [108] PEGgel, [92] and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) [149] are among biodegradable materials used to make appropriate photocurable polymer for VPP technique. In the following sections, several facets of each VPP approach have been addressed in more detail.…”

Section: Vat Photopolymerization (Vpp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the great spatial Reproduced under the term of CC-BY license. [117] Copyright 2023, The Authors, published by Elsevier. b) Locomotive "'bio-bots"' from hydrogels and cardiomyocytes using an SLA 3D printer.…”

Section: Dlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding their applicability, biodegradable 3D/4D printed soft actuators are utilized in many fields, such as agriculture, [ 60 ] biomedicine, [ 61–93 ] micro positioning, [ 67,79,94–97 ] smart surgical instruments, [ 64,98–101 ] soft rehabilitation devices, [ 98,102,103 ] drug delivery microswimmers, [ 64,67,68,70,72,73,77,84,85,88,94,34,104–108 ] sustainable electronics devices, [ 109–111 ] soft smart fabrics, [ 64 ] muscle tissue membranes, [ 65,76,89,94,96,112,113 ] in‐vivo robotics, [ 67,74,83,86,89–91,93,99–101 ] wearable devices, [ 95,103,111,114–118 ] soft smart prosthetics, [ 114 ] bionic devices, [ 69,72,73,114 ] aeronautics, [ 119,120 ] health monitoring equipment, [ 111,118 ] edible robots, [ 121 ] biomimetic scaffolds, [ 30,62,76,97,115,122,123 ] environmental monitoring equipment, […”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sustainable Robots 4D Printing

Soleimanzadeh,

Rolfe,

Bodaghi

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Nature frequently serves as an inspiration for modern robotics innovations that emphasize secure human–machine interaction. However, the advantages of increased automation and digital technology integration conflict with the global environmental objectives. Accordingly, biodegradable soft robots have been proposed for a range of intelligent applications. Biodegradability provides soft robotics with an extraordinary functional advantage for operations involving intelligent shape transformation in response to external stimuli such as heat, pH, and light. Soft robot fabrication using conventional manufacturing techniques is inflexible, time‐consuming, and labor‐intensive. Recent advances in 3D and 4D printing of soft materials and multi‐materials have become the key to enabling the direct manufacture of soft robotics with complex designs and functions. This review comprises a detailed survey of 3D and 4D printing advances in biodegradable soft sensors and actuators (BSSA), which serve as the most prominent parts of each robotic system. In addition, a concise overview of biodegradable materials for the fabrication of 3D‐printed flexible devices with medical along with industrial applications is provided. A complete summary of current additive manufacturing techniques for BSSA is discussed in depth. Moreover, the concept of biodegradable 4D‐printed soft actuators and sensors and biohybrid soft robots is reviewed.

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Thermoset and thermoplastic polymer composites reinforced with flax fiber: Properties and application—A review

Islam,

Hasan,

Karim

et al. 2024

SPE Polymers

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Flax fibers are a viable material for creating sustainable composites since they have mechanical qualities similar to those of synthetic fibers. Because of their unique hydrophilicity and strong mechanical properties, flax fibers should be taken into specific attention while creating composite materials. Vegetable fibers like flax are highly versatile and are frequently utilized in structural composites. Additionally, flax has shown potential in a variety of other uses, including as shipping, automotive, aerospace, and construction. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of advancement in flax fiber reinforcement composite research. The most important research on thermoset and thermoplastic composites reinforced with flax fiber is compiled and analyzed in this article. This article also summarizes the main properties of flax fibers, discusses chemically enhancing their qualities, explains the process of making and analyzing flax fiber composites, and identifies areas that require more research. The article concludes with a few critical ideas and future directions that emphasize the challenges that need to be handled in more in‐depth research and probable composites industrialization.Highlights Flax fibers: Structure, composition, and extraction techniques explored. Polymer matrices in flax fiber composites: Types and processing methods. Mechanical properties of thermoset and thermoplastic flax fiber reinforced composites. Applications of flax fiber composites in automotive, construction, and aerospace. Future potential of flax fiber and hybrid composites in advanced materials.

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Investigation on mechanical properties of flax fiber/expanded polystyrene waste composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Damping under Varying Frequencies, Mechanical Properties, and Failure Modes of Flax/Polypropylene Composites

Damping under Varying Frequencies, Mechanical Properties, and Failure Modes of Flax/Polypropylene Composites

Sustainable Robots 4D Printing

Thermoset and thermoplastic polymer composites reinforced with flax fiber: Properties and application—A review

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