Investigation on synthesis of ternary g-C3N4/ZnO–W/M nanocomposites integrated heterojunction II as efficient photocatalyst for environmental applications

Malik, Misbah; Len, Thomas; Luque, Rafael; Osman, Sameh M.; Paone, Emilia; Khan, Muhammad Imran; Wattoo, Muhammad Ahmad; Jamshaid, Muhammad; Anum, Aqsa; Rehman, Aziz ur

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114621

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The ZnO/Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 -50% composite exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity after five recycles [ 82 ]. Some g-C 3 N 4 composites reported for the efficient PD of MO dye are AgBr:g-C 3 N 4 [ 83 ], g-C 3 N 4 /TNTs heterojunctions [ 84 ], ternary g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO–W/M nanocomposites [ 85 ], g-C 3 N 4 -TiO 2 nanocomposite [ 86 ], CdS/g-C 3 N 4 hybrid nano-photocatalysts [ 87 ], MoO 3 –g-C 3 N 4 composites [ 88 ], g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO composites [ 89 ], CoFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites [ 90 ], g-C 3 N 4 /Bi 4 O 5 I 2 [ 91 ], ternary g-C 3 N 4 /Ag/γ-FeOOH photocatalysts [ 92 ], etc. Some g-C 3 N 4 -based composites/nanocomposites used for the efficient PD of MO dye are consolidated in Table 1 .…”

Section: Composites and Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades. Photocatalytic degradation has the ability to convert economically complex dye molecules into non-toxic and smaller species via redox reactions, by using photocatalysts. g-C3N4 is a metal-free n-type semiconductor, typical nonmetallic and non-toxici polymeric photocatalyst. It widely used in photocatalytic materials, due to its easy and simple synthesis, fascinating electronic band structure, high stability and abundant availability. As a photocatalyst, its major drawbacks are its limited efficiency in separating photo-excited electron–hole pairs, high separated charge recombination, low specific surface area, and low absorption coefficient. In this review, we report the recent modification strategies adopted for g-C3N4 for the efficient photodegradation of MO dye. The different modification approaches, such as nanocomposites and heterojunctions, as well as doping and defect introductions, are briefly discussed. The mechanism of the photodegradation of MO dye by g-C3N4 and future perspectives are discussed. This review paper will predict strategies for the fabrication of an efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO dye.

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Section: Composites and Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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“…The decrease in the intensity of this peak in some samples may be attributed to more random plane ordering during the condensation reaction to form the g-C 3 N 4 structure. The peak may be reduced with the increasing dopant concentration, indicating strong interaction between the host and dopant species [44,45]. The strong peak at 26.5 • is attributed to the long-range interlayer stacking reflection of the conjugated aromatic system and corresponds to graphitic materials.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of a Hybrid g-C3N4/ZnO-W/Cox Heterojunction Photocatalyst for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

et al. 2023

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Robust hybrid g-C3N4/ZnO-W/Cox heterojunction composites were synthesized using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and ZnO-W nanoparticles (NPs) and different concentrations of Co dopant. The hybrid heterojunction composites were prepared by simple and low-cost coprecipitation methods. The fabricated catalyst was explored and investigated using various characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FESEM and EDX. The surface morphology of the as-prepared hybrid nanocomposites with particle sizes in the range of 15–16 nm was validated by SEM analysis. The elemental composition of the synthesized composites was confirmed by EDS analysis. Photocatalysis using a photon as the sole energy source is considered a challenging approach for organic transformations under ambient conditions. The photocatalytic activity of the heterojunctions was tested by photodegrading methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of sunlight. The reduced band gap of the heterojunction composite of 3.22–2.28 eV revealed that the incorporation of metal ions played an imperative role in modulating the light absorption range for photocatalytic applications. The as-synthesized g-C3N4/ZnO-W/Co0.010 composite suppressed the charge recombination ability during the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The ternary heterojunction C3N4/ZnO-W/Co0.010 composite showed an impressive photocatalytic performance with 90% degradation of MB under visible light within 90 min of irradiation, compared to the outcomes achieved with the other compositions. Lastly, the synthesized composites showed good recyclability and mechanical stability over five cycles, confirming them as promising photocatalyst options in the future.

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“…photovoltaic effect is very high, leading to serious selfcorrosion problems. 37 The bandgap and valence band information on the material were obtained through ultraviolet and XPS tests (Figure S3), and the conduction band information of the material was subsequently obtained (Figure 6). The test results show that when the bandgap width is basically unchanged, the valence band and conduction band of the ZSO material move toward negative potential by approximately 0.35 eV.…”

Section: Corrosion Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Sm atoms are doped into ZnO material, the f electrons of Sm atoms interact with the 3d orbitals of zinc atoms, thereby changing the optoelectronic properties of the ZnO material. Due to the high potential of the valence band of the ZnO material, the oxidative nature of the holes produced by the photovoltaic effect is very high, leading to serious self-corrosion problems . The bandgap and valence band information on the material were obtained through ultraviolet and XPS tests (Figure S3), and the conduction band information of the material was subsequently obtained (Figure ).…”

Section: Corrosion Protection Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Durable Corrosion Resistance of Samarium-Doped ZnO Solid Solution Materials by 4f Electrons of Samarium Atoms

Zhao

Huang

Liu

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The unique characteristics of rare earth elements, attributed to their distinctive 4f electron band, hold significant potential for enhancing the stability and effectiveness of inorganic anticorrosion materials. In this study, rod-shaped samarium-doped zinc oxide solid solution (ZSO) material was synthesized under pure inorganic conditions. The protective effect of the 4f electrons of samarium on the 3d electrons of zinc enhances the chemical stability of the material. Furthermore, the ZSO material exhibited the ability to utilize photogenerated electrons for preventing metal corrosion. Tests have shown that the corrosion resistance of the ZSO composite shield is 78.3% higher than that of the zinc oxide shield and 202.3% higher than that of the epoxy resin coating. Under sunlight, the ZSO composite shield exhibits further improved corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 40% and 100%. The protective effect may be extended to other rare earth and transition metals, leading to the development of more stable and durable materials.

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Investigation on synthesis of ternary g-C3N4/ZnO–W/M nanocomposites integrated heterojunction II as efficient photocatalyst for environmental applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

g-C3N4 Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives

Engineering of a Hybrid g-C3N4/ZnO-W/Cox Heterojunction Photocatalyst for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

Enhanced Durable Corrosion Resistance of Samarium-Doped ZnO Solid Solution Materials by 4f Electrons of Samarium Atoms

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