“…3,4 The battery operation is the direct absorption and release of the fuel CO 2 during discharge and charge, respectively, exploiting excellent application prospects in the field of submarines mission and even Mars exploration at a high CO 2 atmosphere (∼96%). 5,6 To this end, multitudes of scientific efforts have been made to overcome technical barriers and promoting electrochemical performance, from the aspects of understanding the reaction mechanisms, 7,8 designing the available catalysts, 9,10 stabilizing the electrolyte compositions, 11,12 protecting the mental anodes, 13,14 modifying the operation conditions, 15,16 and improving the electrode structures. 17,18 Among various metal-CO 2 batteries, aprotic Li-CO 2 batteries have attracted broader attention because of the high equilibrium potential of 2.8 V and theoretical energy density of 1876 Wh kg −1 .…”