Investigation on the effect of catalyst on the electrochemical performance of carbon felt and graphite felt for vanadium flow batteries

Liu, Tao; Li, Xianfeng; Nie, Hongjiao; Xu, Chi; Zhang, Huamin

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.148

Cited by 101 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…6 More notably, during charging and discharging, a VRFB employs the same metal (vanadium) of the active species in both positive V(IV)/V(V) and negative V(II)/V(III) electrolytes; this strategy precludes crossover contamination caused by the transfer of metal ions across the ion exchange membrane. 4,[7][8][9][10] However, despite these merits, the VRFB has limited practicability because of its low energy efficiency; the efficiency of VRFB is significantly influenced by the electrochemical activity of the electrode because the redox reaction of vanadium ions occurs at the electrode surface. 11 Therefore, selecting suitable electrode materials is crucial in VRFB design.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

et al. 2016

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In this paper, we report a facile hydrothermal method to synthesize low-cost, high-catalytic-activity, and stable niobiumdoped hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanowires (Nb-doped h-WO3 NWs); these NWs were employed as catalysts to improve the electrocatalytic activity of graphite felt (GF) electrodes for use as positive electrodes in an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The effect of Nb doping and its composition on the electrochemical performance of GF electrodes for a VRFB was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that Nb-doped h-WO3 NWs with a Nb/W atomic ratio of 0.03 exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activities for VO 2+ /VO2 + couples among all the tested electrodes. This observation was attributed to the optimal Nb-doping concentration producing moderate defect states, thereby creating structural disorders, such as oxygen vacancies, in WO3 and leading to the generation of more active sites for the VO 2+ /VO2 + redox reaction on the electrode. Moreover, in charge-discharge tests, a VRFB single cell using the Nb-doped h-WO3 NWs (Nb/W = 0.03) catalyst demonstrated an excellent energy efficiency of 78.10% with a current density of 80 mA cm −2 . This efficiency is much higher than that demonstrated by VRFB cells with untreated GF (67.12%) and heat-treated GF obtained through conventional method (72.01%). Furthermore, in the stability test of a VRFB single cell with the Nb-doped h-WO3 NWs (Nb/W = 0.03) catalyst, almost no decay of the cell was observed even after 30 cycles. This observation indicates the outstanding stability of the cell during the redox reaction of vanadium ions under highly acidic conditions.

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confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

et al. 2016

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“…The O 1s spectra can be divided into three peaks at the binding energies of 531.8, 533 and 535 eV, respectively, corresponding to C=O, C−OH/C−O−C and other HOH or ether species, as shown in Figure (b). Figure (c) demonstrates the fitting results obtained at a different binding energy of N 1s peaks of R‐GF and PAN‐GF at 398.2 eV (pyridine nitrogen, Pd−N), 400.3 eV (pyrrole nitrogen, Pr−N), 401.2 eV (tetragonal nitrogen, Q−N) and 402.8 eV (oxides of nitrogen, O−N) . Under acidic conditions, nitric oxide can be converted into pyridine nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron‐Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2019

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In this paper, a rayon based graphite felt (R‐GF) and a polyacrylonitrile based graphite felt (PAN‐GF) are studied to clarify the influence of the precursor on the polarization effect from three aspects: concentration polarization, ohmic polarization, and electrochemical polarization. The essential difference in chemical structure between R‐GF and PAN‐GF is that the precursor material makes PAN‐GF easier to be graphitized. The higher degree of graphitization leads to a higher conductivity of PAN‐GF. At the same thickness and porosity, the conductivity of PAN‐GF is higher and the loss of ohmic polarization is smaller. These factors make PAN‐GF have better electrocatalytic properties and kinetic reversibility in the Fe/Cr electrolyte environment. While the surface roughness of R‐GF is larger, which is contributing to the diffusion and surface mass transfer of the electrolyte on the surface. The effect of precursor on the concentration polarization of R‐GF and PAN‐GF is related to the surface mass transfer, which ultimately affects the performance of ICRFB.

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“…A variety of carbon materials, for instance, graphite felt (GF), carbon paper (CP), and carbon felt (CF), have been studied as the electrodes for ICRFBs . While because of the larger specific surface area and better three‐dimensional network structures, as well as high chemical stability and electrical conductivity, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based GF and CF are preferable electrode materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of GF and CF on the performance of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been widely reported, while there is less literature on this issue for the application of ICRFBs, as shown in Table S1. Liu et al reported that in comparison with GF, the VRFB adopted with CF exhibits much higher electrochemical activity . As the electrode reactions of ICRFB are significantly different from VRFB, it may be essential to investigate the difference of physicochemical properties between GF and CF on the ICRFB performance, which may further give the reader a guideline for the selection of optimal electrode material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

et al. 2020

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Summary In this paper, polyacrylonitrile‐based graphite felt (GF), carbon felt (CF) and the effect of thermal activation on them with or without the catalyst (BiCl3) are comprehensively investigated for iron‐chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) application. The physical‐chemical parameters of GF and CF after the thermal activation is affected significantly by their graphitization degree, oxygen functional groups, and surface area. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results manifest that GF and CF before and after the thermal activation have different electrocatalytic activities owing to oxygen functional groups number increase and the graphitization degree decrease. In terms of the capacity decay rate, as oxygen functional groups provide shorter electrocatalytic pathways than bismuth ions, the performance of GF and CF after the thermal activation is more ideal. As a result, GF before and after the thermal activation exhibits higher efficiency (EE: 86%) and better stability at a charge‐discharge current density of 60 mA·cm−2 than those of CF during charge‐discharge cycling, as the dominant limitation in an ICRFB is ohmic and activation polarization. Therefore, GF after thermal activation together with the addition of BiCl3 in the electrolyte is a more promising electrode material for ICRFBs application than CF.

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Investigation on the effect of catalyst on the electrochemical performance of carbon felt and graphite felt for vanadium flow batteries

Cited by 101 publications

References 29 publications

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron‐Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

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Investigation on the effect of catalyst on the electrochemical performance of carbon felt and graphite felt for vanadium flow batteries

Cited by 101 publications

References 29 publications

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO3 nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO3 nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron‐Chromium Redox Flow Batteries

Investigations on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite felt and carbon felt for iron‐chromium redox flow battery

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Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

Electrocatalytic activity of Nb-doped hexagonal WO₃ nanowire-modified graphite felt as a positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries