Investigation on the electrochemical behavior of neodymium chloride at W, Al and Cd electrodes in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

Vandarkuzhali, S. Anbu Anjugam; Chandra, Manish; Ghosh, Suddhasattwa; Samanta, Nibedita; Nedumaran, S.; Reddy, B. Prabhakara; Nagarajan, K.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.069

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The CV for LiCl-KCl-1 wt% NdCl 3 at 773 K was measured by using an inactive W electrode. [13,14,25,26]. Those studies concluded that the Nd(III)/Nd(0) redox reaction proceeds through the intermediate process of Nd(II) ion generation, resulting in the two-step reaction takes place as described below.…”

Section: Electrochemical Apparatus and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A similar conclusion can be found in Vandarkuzhali et al It also appears in experimental results. In the experiment using LiCl-KCl-NdCl 3 , the study conducted the CV at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s to 0.25 V/s, and concluded that the Nd(II)/Nd(0) reaction was reversible in the range of 0.01 V/s to 0.05 V/s, and quasi-reversibly in the range of 0.075 V/s to 0.25 V/s [25]. On the other hand, a study by Fukasawa et al performed the CV at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s and showed that the Nd(II)/Nd(0) reaction was reversible [26].…”

Section: Analysis Of Peak I Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(6) where C is the concentration of Nd(II)ion, and since Nd(II) ion is generated from Nd(III) ion, it is assumed that C Nd(II) =C Nd(III) . The same assumption was used in the studies by Vandarkuzhali et al, and Glatz et al in the process of determining the diffusion coefficient of Nd(II) ions, while the study by Kuznetsov et al showed that the assumption had no significant effect on the outcomes [25,32]. The study by Kuznetsov et al conducted experiments using EuCl 2 and EuCl 3 to determine the diffusion coefficients of Eu(II) ions and Eu(III) ions, respectively.…”

Section: Analysis Of Peak I Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiometry are useful methods to provide various information such as electrode potential, diffusion coefficient, activity coefficient, intermetallic compound formation and corresponding Gibbs free energy of electroactive materials [17][18][19]. By using the methods, various studies have been conducted on the reaction characteristics of solid electrodes and liquid Cd electrodes against various chlorides such as UCl 3 , PuCl 3 , NpCl 3 , LaCl 3 , CeCl 3 , and PrCl 3 in the LiCl-KCl molten salt system [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, in the case of Nd, which has the highest ratio of RE in the spent fuel, several researchers provide meaning information such as the electrode potential and the diffusion coefficient for solid electrodes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it is impossible to use TRU elements in South Korea due to the nuclear nonproliferation policy. Therefore, despite the fact that NdCl 3 is mainly used as a substitute in the experiment of pyroprocess, only a very limited reliable data was obtained by Kim et al [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrode Reactions of Nd3+/Nd Couple in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 Solutions at Solid W and Liquid Cd Electrodes

Sim

Kim²,

Paek

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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The behavior of Nd(III)/Nd(0) redox reaction at a solid tungsten (W) and liquid cadmium (Cd) electrodes in the LiCl-KCl-NdCl 3 system at 773 K was analyzed by using a cyclic voltammetry. The Nd(III)/Nd(0) reaction in the solid W electrode was found to occur in two steps through the process of Nd(II) ion generation. As the analytic results of the maximum current value according to scan rates in the region of 0.05 V/s to 0.3 V/s, the Nd(III)/Nd(II) reaction showed reversible reaction characteristics over the whole range, while the Nd (II)/Nd(0) reaction showed the reversible reaction in the region of 0.05 V/s to 0.2 V/s, as well as the quasi-reversible in the range of 0.2 V/s or higher. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of Nd(III) ion and Nd(II) ion were calculated by using the maximum current value, which were considerably consistent with the previous results of other researchers. The reduction potential of the Nd (III)/Nd(0) reaction in the liquid Cd electrode was measured as approximately 0.54 V higher than that of the solid W electrode because the reduced Nd formed an Nd-Cd intermetallic compound with a liquid Cd electrode, lowering the activity of Nd. To confirm this mechanism, experiments using Cd-coated W electrodes were conducted by using cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The experimental results showed that 6 Nd-Cd intermetallic compounds were present. When the ratio of Cd is the highest, NdCd 11 is formed, and the potential in this case was very similar to the potential at the liquid Cd electrode. Furthermore, the Gibbs free energy and activity coefficient of Nd-Cd intermetallic compounds were calculated by analyzing the results of chronopotentiometry. The results could thermodynamically explain the potential difference of the Nd(III)/Nd(0) reactions occurring between the solid W electrode and the liquid Cd electrode.

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Section: Electrochemical Apparatus and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Analysis Of Peak I Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Peak I Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Electrode Reactions of Nd3+/Nd Couple in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 Solutions at Solid W and Liquid Cd Electrodes

Sim

Kim²,

Paek

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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Electroreduction of Dy(III) assisted by Zn and its co‐deposition with Zn(II) in LiCl–KCl molten salt

Han

et al. 2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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To recover dysprosium (Dy) from LiCl–KCl molten salt, the electrochemical mechanism of Dy(III) on liquid Zn electrode and co‐deposition of Dy(III) and Zn(II) on W electrode were studied using electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated that the redox process of Dy on liquid Zn electrode is reversible and controlled by diffusion. Reverse chronopotentiograms showed that the transition time ratio of reduction and oxidation is ~3:1, revealing the redox of Dy on liquid Zn electrode is a kind of soluble–soluble system: Dy(III) + 3e− = (Dy–Zn)solution. The half‐wave potential of Dy(III) was almost constant with the increase in scanning rate. The electrochemical separation of metallic Dy from the molten salt was performed using constant potential electrolysis, and the product characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was the thermodynamic unstable compound DyZn5. Also, the co‐deposition mechanism of Dy(III) and Zn(II) was explored, indicating that Dy(III) could deposit on pre‐deposited Zn and form Dy–Zn compounds: Zn(II) + 2e− = Zn and xDy(III) + yZn + 3xe− = DyxZny. Moreover, the effect of Dy(III) concentration on the formation of Dy–Zn compounds was investigated. The redox peak currents corresponding to different Dy–Zn compounds changed with the increase in Dy(III) concentration. The co‐deposition of Dy(III) and Zn(II) was performed using constant current electrolysis at diverse Dy(III) concentrations. The different Dy–Zn compounds were produced by controlling Dy(III) concentration.

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Impact of Ionic Liquids Chemistry in the Electrochemistry of Neodymium

Pozo‐Gonzalo

Sanchez-Cupido

2022

Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids

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Investigation on the electrochemical behavior of neodymium chloride at W, Al and Cd electrodes in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Electrode Reactions of Nd3+/Nd Couple in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 Solutions at Solid W and Liquid Cd Electrodes

Electrode Reactions of Nd3+/Nd Couple in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 Solutions at Solid W and Liquid Cd Electrodes

Electroreduction of Dy(III) assisted by Zn and its co‐deposition with Zn(II) in LiCl–KCl molten salt

Impact of Ionic Liquids Chemistry in the Electrochemistry of Neodymium

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