Investigation on the Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution of Large-Diameter Concrete Silos under Solar Radiation

Abstract

There is a growing demand for silos with large diameters and volumes; hence, the stresses induced by the temperature differences between the inner and the outer surfaces of the concrete walls of the large silos become significant. Sunshine is the main source of the temperature differences; and it is necessary to investigate the influences of sunshine on large concrete silos and ensure their safety and durability. In this paper, the temperature distribution of a concrete silo exposed to the sunshine was measured on site. A finite element (FE) model was built to analyze the temperature distribution under the sunshine, and the FE model was validated by comparing the yielded temperature field with that obtained on site. Based on the temperature field yielded in the FE model, the internal forces of the silo were determined by performing a structural analysis. After that, the FE model was extended and used for a parametrical study, and the influences induced by the factors like meteorological parameters, dimension of silos, and reference temperature on the temperature effects of the silo were investigated. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient exhibited significant nonlinearities along the wall thickness. The performance of a steady-state analytical method was evaluated, which is conventionally used for the design of silos. It was found that, for the silos with the thicknesses of more than 30 centimeters, the steady-state method overestimated the temperature effects. It is suggested here that nonlinear temperature gradients should be employed for considering the temperature effects of large silos.

A Review of Silo Temperature Field Studies

“…The wall thickness has a significant effect on the temperature effect. Chen [39], Jiang Long [40], Li Yutao [41] et al conducted on-site temperature and stress monitoring and numerical simulation for a silo with a diameter of 136.5m and a height of 19.35m, and investigated the effects of insolation and temperature changes on the stresses. Under the influence of the two temperature modes, the temperature profile and stress profile showed an anti-symmetric situation.…”

Computational Model for the Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Silos Subjected to Thermal Load

“…It is worth mentioning that the moment resulting from the case of nonuniform temperature difference is larger and more critical than the one in the uniform case. One case of nonuniform temperature difference distribution is presented in [23].…”