Investigation on the operable range and idle condition of hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Oh, Sechul; Park, Cheolwoong; Nguyen, Ducduy; Kim, Seonyeob; Kim, Yongrae; Choi, Young; Lee, Jeongwoo

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121645

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Zhu et al [12] conducted an numerical study and found that indicated power increased with the increase of the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, and excess hydrogen promoted the reverse reaction of the thermal NO generation, which reduced NO emission effectively. Oh et al [13] evaluated the combustion area and limitations of PH-ICE under the HPI mode. The results showed that the excess air ratio (λ) between 1.8 and 2.0 was suitable for maximum braking torque (MBT) operations.…”

Section: Hydrogen Port Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Liu

Chen²,

Zuo

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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Review Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Chun Lu 1, Wei Chen 1,2, Qingsong Zuo 1, Guohui Zhu 1, Yi Zhang 3, and Zhengbai Liu 4,* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 2 Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Foshan 528311, China 3 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 4 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: liuzb3@sustc.edu.cn Received: 24 September 2022 Accepted: 21 November 2022 Published: 25 December 2022 Abstract: Hydrogen energy is regarded as the best form to achieve the dual-carbon strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. It is well-known that hydrogen energy has the characteristics of zero carbon, green, high energy, and renewable. Recently, the pure hydrogen internal combustion engine (PH-ICE) has become one of the essential directions of hydrogen energy application due to its outstanding advantages, such as no carbon emission, high efficiency, high reliability, and low pollution. So far, the PH-ICE has aroused great attention from both domestic and foreign auto companies and research institutions. This paper first introduces the latest development status of PH-ICE. Secondly, from the in-engine and out-engine technologies aspects of the PH-ICE, a comprehensive summary of its combustion performance improvement and nitrogen oxide control technology is given. Finally, the future challenges and development trends of the hydrogen ICE are discussed.

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Section: Hydrogen Port Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Liu

Chen²,

Zuo

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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“…Energies 2023, 16, 5730 2 of 19 PFI systems are cost-effective and easy to implement in an ICE, while the DI system allows for more precise control, resulting in higher fuel efficiency. However, the high-pressure requirement in the hydrogen DI system makes it less practical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al demonstrated that boosting the hydrogen PFI engine with a turbocharger results in a 41% increase in engine power output compared to the naturally aspirated condition [15]. Additionally, the wide flammability range of hydrogen enables the possibility of operating at extremely lean conditions, resulting in enhanced fuel efficiency and emissions-free combustion [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignited Engine at Different Compression Ratios: Experimental and Numerical Investigation

2023

Self Cite

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This paper investigates the performance of hydrogen-fueled, spark-ignited, single-cylinder Cooperative Fuel Research using experimental and numerical approaches. This study examines the effect of the air–fuel ratio on engine performance, emissions, and knock behaviour across different compression ratios. The results indicate that λ significantly affects both engine performance and emissions, with a λ value of 2 yielding the highest efficiency and lowest emissions for all the tested compression ratios. Combustion analysis reveals normal combustion at λ ≥ 2, while knocking combustion occurs at λ < 2, irrespective of the tested compression ratios. The Livenwood–Wu integral approach was evaluated to assess the likelihood of end-gas autoignition based on fuel reactivity, demonstrating that both normal and knocking combustion possibilities are consistent with experimental investigations. Combustion analysis at the ignition timing for maximum brake torque conditions demonstrates knock-free stable combustion up to λ = 3, with increased end-gas autoignition at lower λ values. To achieve knock-free combustion at those low λs, the spark timings are significantly retarded to after top dead center crank angle position. Engine-out NOx emissions consistently increase in trend with a decrease in the air–fuel ratio of up to λ = 3, after which a distinct variation in NOx is observed with an increase in the compression ratio.

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“…The fast burn rate can be attributed to hydrogen having a wide flammability range, which means it can operate under very lean conditions. This, in turn, can lead to better fuel efficiency and emission-free combustion [19]. Hydrogen is also known to cause the embrittlement of iron and steel-based metals, which are commonly used in ICEs, that can reduce the ductility and the amount of stress that leads to failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Hydrogen and Gasoline Piston Ring Simulations

Bewsher,

Offner

2023

Lubricants

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This paper presents a transient mixed-lubrication hydrodynamic and gas flow simulation model for a piston ring pack for a four-stroke internal combustion engine. The analyses carried out compare two fuel types, hydrogen and gasoline, at a 2000 rpm low engine load (20%), as well as 3000 rpm low (20%) and high (100%) engine loads, to investigate the effects of the different fuels and loading conditions on the ring pack. In particular, the minimum oil film thickness at the top compression ring, the total ring friction of the ring pack, the friction power loss and the blow-by are studied. The simulation shows that, under the high load conditions at 3000 rpm, the hydrogen variant exhibits larger friction power losses, around a 200 W peak difference and larger blow-by throughout the expansion stroke of the engine cycle. A similar trend can be observed for the low loads, where larger friction power losses with peak differences of 30 W and 40 W for 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm, respectively, are observed. The blow-by results for the low load at 2000 rpm show a slight increase of approximately 22% more gas flow into the crankcase, while the 3000 rpm simulation shows a 50% increase in blow-by for the hydrogen variant at low load and a 40% increase at high load. The findings that are presented indicate that, although alternative fuel sources such as hydrogen are very attractive alternatives to fossil fuels such as gasoline, there can be unwanted side effects that could lead to the permanent damage of components through quicker wear or hydrogen embrittlement from the blow-by gas.

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Investigation on the operable range and idle condition of hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignited Engine at Different Compression Ratios: Experimental and Numerical Investigation

A Comparison of Hydrogen and Gasoline Piston Ring Simulations

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