Investigation on the performance of raceway ponds with internal structures by the means of CFD simulations and experiments

Numerical and experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and light transfer in open raceway ponds at various algal cell concentrations and medium depths

“…In order to achieve optimal design and scale-up of an ORP, it is very important to understand the effects of design parameters and operating conditions on mixing and light distribution patterns in an ORP. The effects of different ORP geometries and designs on mixing and light intensity distribution have been studied experimentally [3,5,8]. The velocity distribution in an ORP can be used to determine the effectiveness of mixing in ORP channels.…”

“…However, modern commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools enable us to make use of a wavelength dependent radiative transfer equation (RTE) in well-resolved complex geometries of algal culturing systems [9]. CFD models can be used to predict the multiphase flow patterns and light intensity distribution in an ORP [8,10,11]. In addition, they were used to evaluate the power consumption, dead zone volume, and shear stress under different velocities, channel length-to-width ratios, and culture depths [12][13][14].…”

Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of Hydrodynamic Properties of Raceway Pond with theEffect of Central Wall

“…The baffles significantly increased the biomass volume by decreasing the dark-light cycle caused by higher turbulence. (9) Huang et al (10) also used baffles and flow deflectors to increase turbulent mixing and decrease power consumption of the raceway pond. They reported that a raceway pond with baffles and flow delfectors increased the average flow velocity, reduced power consumption, and enhanced vertical light distribution.…”

“…They reported that a raceway pond with baffles and flow delfectors increased the average flow velocity, reduced power consumption, and enhanced vertical light distribution. (10) However, increasing the water velocity can damage the mechanical structure of algae cells because of higher fluid shear forces. Camacho et al (11) stated that higher stirring rates increase turbulent flow.…”

Advanced CFD model of multiphase photobioreactors for microalgal derived biomass production

“…The dispersed turbulence model is commonly used, where the liquid phase turbulence is modeled using either an eddy viscosity model or a Reynolds stress model, while the gas phase is assumed to be laminar due to low flow rates usually employed. It can be seen from (Mortuza et al, 2012;Seo e al., 2012;Nauha and Alopaeus, 2013;2015;Gerdes et al, 2014;Gerdes et al, 2014;Bari et al, 2014;2015), airlift (Luo and Al-Dahhan, 2011;Massart et al, 2014;Soman and Shastri, 2015), flat plate (Shu et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014; and raceway reactor (Xu et al, 2014;Hreiz et al, 2014;Prussi et al, 2014;Park and Li, 2015;Huang et al, 2015c;Zeng et al,2016), the standard k-ε turbulence model and its variants were widely used to model the liquid turbulence because of its simplicity and lesser computational expensive. Sometimes the k-ε turbulence model was modified to account for the bubble induced turbulence (Luo and Al-Dahhan, 2011;Li et al, 2012).…”