Investigation on the promotional role of Ga₂O₃on the CuO–ZnO/HZSM-5 catalyst for CO₂hydrogenation

Abstract

The additive Ga2O3 improved the catalytic performance of CuO–ZnO/HZSM-5 catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to DME.

Perspective on CO2 Hydrogenation for Dimethyl Ether Economy

“…In all, although the reduced Cu species have been confirmed as active sites, more efforts still need to be taken in future to further understand the exact function of Cu 0 and Cu + species. The effects of other important promoters that significantly improve the catalytic activity, e.g., ZrO2 [44] and Ga2O3 [74], also need to be investigated. These efforts can raise our awareness on the active nature of Cu-based catalysts and are important for designing catalysts with high performance.…”

“…The addition of La2O3 into the CZA/HZSM-5 catalyst clearly enhanced the formation of DME [99]. The utilization of ZrO2 [100,101] or Ga2O3 [74] to replace Al2O3 in the CAZ catalyst improves the space-time yield of DME (STYDME); however, the effect of CeO2 is less significant [102]. Moreover, the catalysts with ferrierite as their acidic sites exhibit better catalytic performance than those with HZSM-5 [100,103].…”

A Review on Deactivation and Regeneration of Catalysts for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis

“…According to [5,25,114], the second of the key factors that lead to catalyst deactivation is water, which is formed in the methanol dehydration process and becomes trapped in the system due to the resistance created by the slurry. The loss of activity is mainly caused by the deactivation of the methanol synthesis catalyst.…”

Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 hydrogenation over a highly active, selective and stable catalyst containing Cu–ZnO–Al2O3/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15

“…91 Temperature causes the Cu species to sinter and it will form big crystals. [92][93][94] Therefore, the methanol formation rate by CO 2 hydrogenation is decreased and coke starts to form on the surface of the catalyst. 95 Therefore, further studies on the effect of other reaction parameters are carried out at 240 °C.…”

“…Water is produced in the methanol dehydration (MD) reaction and accumulation of water in the catalyst system leads to Cu sintering [92][93][94] and the MSC is deactivated. Moreover, water and methanol molecules compete for adsorption on the catalyst active sites.…”