Investigation to compare static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract–relax stretching effects on the visco-elastic parameters of the biceps femoris muscle

Rihvk, Ilo; Clough, Angela; Clough, Peter

doi:10.1179/1753615410y.0000000004

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Previous studies also showed that the effect of stretching was not significant on muscle tension [7,37]. These findings suggest that postural changes may have affected the re-assessment before and after intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Comparison of the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques on hamstring muscle range of motion, pressure pain threshold and muscle tone

Shin

2019

PTRS

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Objective: This study was conducted to compare the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) hold-relax and PNF irradiation on the hamstring muscle. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Fifty-one subjects with shortened hamstrings were randomly assigned to the static stretching group (n=17), PNF hold-relax group (n=17), and the PNF irradiation group (n=17). All subjects performed an active knee extension (AKE) test to assess for the lower extremity with a shortened hamstring. The static stretching group performed stretches by lifting their leg to the maximum extent (3 times, 30 seconds). The PNF hold-relax group performed maximal isometric contraction against the experimenter's resistance (3 times, 10 seconds). The PNF irradiation group performed maximum isometric contraction against the experimenter's resistance toward the direction of the body (5 times, 5 seconds). The pre and post-tests measured range of motion (ROM), pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and muscle tone. Results: There were significant differences in ROM and PPT between pre and post intervention in each group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference only in the ROM among groups (p<0.05). Post-hoc analysis showed that the changes in ROM occurred in the order of the PNF hold-relax group, static stretching group and PNF irradiation group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the PNF irradiation technique may improve ROM and may be used to improve ROM similar to other stretching techniques. Therefore, the PNF irradiation technique could be included in stretching programs and can be used as a suitable stretching method depending on the situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Comparison of the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques on hamstring muscle range of motion, pressure pain threshold and muscle tone

Shin

2019

PTRS

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“…In the present study no difference of frequency before and after SS and DS exercises between semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscle was spotted. It was found only one study which examined stretching effect on muscle tone characteristics [31]. Thirty physically active men (23.2±3.2 yrs old) performed static stretching exercise for hamstring muscle three times in 3 sets with duration of 30 s for both body sides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscle and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes

Meerits

Bacchieri

Ereline

et al. 2014

AKUT

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Th e aim of the study was to evaluate and compare acute eff ect of static and dynamic stretching exercise on hamstring muscles tone and jump performance in trained track-and-fi eld athletes. Twelve male track-and-fi eld elite athletes (mean age: 22.0±2.1 years) who trained speed and explosive power (sprint, jumps and decathlon) voluntarily joined in the study. Muscle tone and elasticity characteristics (frequency and logarithmic decrement, respectively) of hamstring muscles (biceps femoris and semitendinosus) were measured by Myoton PROdevice (Myoton Ltd, Estonia). Squat jump height was measured by telemetric system BTS G-studio (BTS S.p.A., Italy). All characteristics were measured before and aft er stretching exercise. Frequency of hamstring muscles did not diff er signifi cantly aft er static and dynamic stretching. Hamstring muscle' decrement decreased by 2.9% (p<0.01) aft er static stretching. Jump height increase by 7.1% (p<0.01) aft er dynamic stretching and decrease by 5.2% (p<0.05) aft er static stretching was noted. Muscle tone and elasticity characteristics did not correlate with jump height. Th is study shows that dynamic stretching has a positive eff ect on explosive power in trained track-and-fi eld athletes and it is preferable to use static stretching aft er warm-up of these athletes.

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“…Along with the contraction, the most prominent part of the BF muscle was marked, and measurements were taken from this point, as recommended by Gavronski et al [26]. These muscles were preferred since they have been studied previously in many studies, and are particularly important as they are regularly used in activities of daily living [15,29,30]. The average values obtained from three consecutive measurements from the muscle reference points were included in the statistical analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Body Mass Index to Muscular Viscoelastic Properties in Normal and Overweight Individuals

2021

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Background: The body mass index (BMI) is closely related to fat tissue, which may have direct or indirect effects on muscle function. Previous studies have evaluated BMI and muscle viscoelastic properties in vivo in older people or individual sexes; however, the relationship between BMI and muscular viscoelastic properties is still unknown. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of BMI with muscular viscoelastic properties, and to compare these properties in a young sedentary population with normal and overweight individuals. Methods: A total of 172 healthy sedentary individuals (mean age, 26.00 ± 5.45 years) were categorized by sex (male and female) and BMI classification (normal (BMI, 18.50–24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI = 25.00–29.99 kg/m2)). Body weight was evaluated using an electronic scale, while height was measured using a standard stadiometer. BMI was calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. The viscoelastic properties (tone, stiffness, and elasticity) of the biceps brachii (BB) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were measured bilaterally using the MyotonPRO device at rest. Results: The bilateral BF tone and stiffness, right BB stiffness, and elasticity showed weak correlations with BMI in all participants. Furthermore, the bilateral BF tone and stiffness, right BB stiffness and elasticity, and left BB stiffness were weakly positively correlated with male sex. Only the right BB elasticity was weakly positively correlated with BMI in females (p < 0.05). No correlation with BMI was determined for other viscoelastic properties (p > 0.05). The overweight group showed increased bilateral BF stiffness and tone, right BB stiffness, and reduced bilateral BB elasticity compared to the normal-weight group (p < 0.05), while other viscoelastic properties were similar (p > 0.05). Greater bilateral BB tone, BF tone and stiffness, and lower BF elasticity were observed in males than in females (p < 0.05), but other viscoelastic properties were not significantly different (p < 0.05). No effect of BMI–sex interactions was found on viscoelastic properties (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The BB and BF viscoelastic properties were weakly correlated with BMI. Males showed greater muscle tone and stiffness, and lower elasticity. The overweight individuals showed increased stiffness and tone, particularly in lower extremities, and reduced elasticity in upper extremities. The effect of BMI–sex interactions on the viscoelastic properties was not clear. Higher BMI (increased mechanical load) might cause the human body to develop different muscular viscoelastic adaptations in the extremities.

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Investigation to compare static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract–relax stretching effects on the visco-elastic parameters of the biceps femoris muscle

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques on hamstring muscle range of motion, pressure pain threshold and muscle tone

Comparison of the immediate effect of hamstring stretching techniques on hamstring muscle range of motion, pressure pain threshold and muscle tone

Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscle and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes

The Relation of Body Mass Index to Muscular Viscoelastic Properties in Normal and Overweight Individuals

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