Understanding flow turbulence dynamics in tidal river systems is critical for nutrient transport, sediment dynamics, and ecosystem health in nature. This study investigates the characteristics of turbulent burst events within the bottom boundary layer of a tidal river, utilizing on site observational data and applying variational mode decomposition (VMD) and local intermittency detection (LIM). The results reveal that the VMD–LIM method is effective in examining multi-scale turbulent processes. Key findings indicate a positive correlation between turbulent eddy structures and flow velocity, with fully developed turbulence and frequent burst events observed during strong currents, contrasting with weak current periods. Distinct burst event types emerge across different frequencies, categorized as “turtle type” (lower intensity, longer duration) at low frequencies and “rabbit type” [higher intensity, shorter duration, on the order of O(100) Hz] at high frequencies [on the order of O(101) Hz]. Energy transfer predominantly occurs between adjacent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), with more transfers during strong currents, highlighting a more active energy cascade process in tidal rivers compared to estuarine environments. The study emphasizes the need for further exploration of the effects of turbulent events across varying scales on Reynolds stress and sediment dynamics. By elucidating the relationship between turbulent burst events and flow conditions, we aim to provide valuable insight for predicting the impacts of turbulence on aquatic environments, furtherly improving models of sediment transport and enhancing the ecological health of tidal river ecosystems.